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"Currently 1,024 mungbean germplasm accessions consisted of 142 local and 833 introduced varieties 32 promising lines and 17 commercial varieties are being maintened in the National Genebank at Indonesian center for agricultural biotechnology and genetic ResourcesResearch and Development

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"Besarnya potensi kekayaan sumber daya genetik di Indonesia mengharuskan dibuatnya suatu bentuk perlindungan hukum agar tidak terjadi penyalahgunaan dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik. Oleh Karena itu, tesis ini membahas mengenai perlindungan hukum terhadap akses dan pembagian keuntungan yang adil dan merata atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi dokumentasi dan data primer melalui wawancara mendalam. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap akses dan pembagian keuntungan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik berdasarkan hak kekayaan intelektual dan kebijakan pengaturan seperti apakah yang diterapkan Pemerintah Indonesia terkait akses dan pembagian keuntungan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: pertama, sistem paten yang merupakan bagian dari sistem hak kekayaan intelektual belum dapat memberikan perlindungan terhadap keanekaragaman sumber daya genetik karena eksklusivitas hak pemilik paten serta tidak jelasnya pengaturan tentang akses dan pembagian keuntungan atas pemanfaatan sumber daya genetik kecuali memasukkan prinsip prior informed consent dan disclosure of origin sebagai bentuk pengakuan kedaulatan atas suatu Negara dan penghindaran adanya klaim paten tanpa pengungkapan asal sumber daya genetik, untuk itu, perlu perubahan hukum internasional bidang hak kekayaan intelektual dan pengaturan khusus sumber daya genetik dalam regulasi nasional dengan sistem sui generis. Kedua, kebijakan pemerintah Indonesia masih bersifat sektoral, untuk itu perlu menyatukan peraturan perundang-undangan terkait dengan sumber daya genetik menjadi lebih terintegrasi dan membangun model kelembagaan yang tepat antara lain memenuhi unsur independen, koordinatif dan partisipatif, memiliki otoritas, dan holistik, berkelanjutan, dan berkeadilan untuk menjalankan peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut.

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The huge potential of the genetic resources in Indonesia needed to be protection by the law to prevent abuse in the utilization of genetic resources. So, this thesis discuss the legal protection issues of access and benefit sharing for the utilization of genetic resources. This research is a descriptive research with the juridical normative approach that uses secondary data through the document study and primary data with in-depth interviews. The problems are how the law can protect the access and benefit sharing for the utilization of genetic resources based on intellectual property rights and what kind of Indonesian Government policies can be implemented to access and benefit sharing for the utilization of genetic resource.

The results of research can be inferred that: first, the patent system that is part of the system of intellectual property rights has not been able to provide protection of genetic resources because of the exclusivity rights to the patent owners as well as no details about the arrangement of access and benefit sharing for the utilization of genetic resources unless it is entered the principle of prior informed consent and disclosure of origin as form of recognition of the sovereignty of State and the avoidance of any patent claims without the disclosure of origin of genetic resources. Therefore, it needs to change the intellectual property rights in international law and special arrangement in national regulations of genetic resources with sui generis system. Second, Indonesian government policies still sectoral minded, so needed to be integrated and build the right model of institution which are independent, coordinative and participative, authority, holistic, sustainable and equitable to execute the regulation."

"ABSTRACTWhale Shark (Rhincodon typus) is one of the marine fishes that commonly make transnational migration. Whale sharks that were tagged in Australia were known to do a migration pattern crossing the state of East Timor and the Indonesia especially to the F [ores Sea. According to red list IUCN, a world conservation organisation, the whale shark is categorized as Vulnerable and put in Appendix II CITES. While in CMS (Conservation of Migratory Species), this species is classified in Appendix I (Reserved). Several countries in the world such as Australia, Honduras, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, Mexico, Taiwan, the Maldives, southern Africa and Indonesia have determined the conservation status of these fish as fully protected. This paper describes some aspects of eco biology, utilization and management of these fish in several countries as well as the review on the conservation and management of whale sharks in Indonesia."

"The book of "The Introduction of Preventive Conservation on Painting for visual Art Students" explains how to apply preventive conservation techniques for objects of culture and collection,especially paintings

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"Batik merupakan karya dudaya bangsa Indonesia yang merefleksikan sebuah produk seni yang memiliki estetika, filosofi yang tinggi. Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya, merekonstruksikan sebuah dinamisasi sebuah tradisi yang secara fungsional membalut kehidupan masyarakat pemilik budaya batik...."

"Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara mega biodiversity memiliki kekayaan spesies tanaman obat sehingga Indonesia menarik bagi peneliti asing yang ingin melakukan penelitian baik untuk kepentingan komersial maupun non-komersial. Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Obat Indonesia yang bernilai di pasaran Internasional, membuat Biopiracy berpotensi terjadi apabila perlindungan pelaksanaan akses dan pembagian keuntungan belum optimal sebagaimana amanah tujuan Protokol Nagoya mengenai pembagian yang adil dan seimbang dari setiap keuntungan yang dihasilkan dari pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh berbagai kendala, diantaranya: (i) perbedaaan konsep pandangan masyarakat lokal yang komunal berlawanan dengan konsep paten dalam rezim hak kekayaan intelektual yang bersifat individual; (ii) database tanaman obat dan pengetahuan tradisional yang belum terintegrasi dengan baik sebagai amanah Undang-Undang Pemajuan Kebudayaan untuk diintegrasikan dalam Pendataan Kebudayaan Terpadu; (iii) mekanisme perizinan yang rumit; (iv) pembagian keuntungan yang belum maksimal karena terkendala rendahnya Bargaining Position peneliti Indonesia dalam kerjasama; (v) belum adanya standarisasi Material Transfer Agreement (MTA), Mutually agreed Terms (MAT), Prior Informed Consent (PIC); dan (vi) belum disahkannya beberapa aturan hukum yang mengatur mekanisme pendukung akses dan pembagian keuntungan sumber daya genetik yang hingga saat ini masih dalam proses harmonisasi juga membuat pelaksanaan Pasal 26 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2016 tentang Paten belum dapat dilaksanakan secara maksimal.

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Indonesia, known as a mega biodiversity country has rich species of medicinal plants. This makes Indonesia attractive to foreign researchers who want to conduct research for both commercial and non-commercial purposes. The commercial value of Indonesian medicinal genetic resources makes biopiracy potentially occur if the regulation of granting access and profit sharing is not optimal in carrying out safeguards as mandated of the Nagoya Protocol. This is caused by various obstacles, among others: (i) related to the differences in the concept of communal local community views, of course contrary to the Patent concept in the regime of individual Intellectual Property Rights; (ii) database related to medicinal plants and traditional knowledge that has not been well integrated as one of the mandates of law Promoting Culture; (iii) licensing mechanism to obtain complicated access; (iv) profit sharing that has not been maximized due to constrained low Indonesian Bargaining Position; (v) absence of Material Transfer Agreement standard, Mutually Agreed Terms, Prior Informed Consent; and (vi) several legal rules that regulate supporting mechanisms for Genetic Resources Access and Profit Sharing that are still in the process of harmonization also make the implementation of Article 26 Paragraph (3) of Law Number 13 of 2016 concerning Patents has not been fully implemented."

"Research on usable of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Botanical Garden to develop the conservation education has been carried out, but the available information due to the package of conservation education using both of conservation areas is stilt lacking.The aim of this study is to measure and compare conservation education packages, which have conducted at Gunung Gede Pangrango and Bogor Botanical Garden. The compiling information from this study will be useful as a contribution to develop the program of conservation education as well as to increase the management of conservation area.The comparative study was conducted in two conservation area, the Gunung Gede Pangrango (representative for in situ conservation), and Bogor Botanical Garden (for ex situ conservation), using a questionnaire method, document analyzing, field observation, and measure the progress of the institutional development using matrix of the Institutional Development Framework ( IDF ). Correspondence is the key-person from institutions who responsible in organizing the conservation education program.The conclusion of this study was that the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is more diverse in having potential interpretation material compare to that of Bogor Botanical Garden, especially the available concepts of ecology and conservation in species and ecosystem level. In comparison, the Bogor. Botanical Garden has relatively more facilities on species interpretation. The conservation education program at both areas has limit goal, only covered the awareness and knowledge, and not completed with the education evaluation, which measured the impact of education on conservation for the participants. Covering the goal of the education, usable of flagship species and education evaluation might develop the quality of the program at both areas.Both of the institutions have limit facilities and skill to develop the package of the conservation education program, therefore they need cooperation with other institution as a partner. The study also identified that the Partners have a good contribution on developing the package of the Conservation education program as well as provide human resources. Some partners have provided the technical and facilities for educating, however none of the four NGO's which cooperate with the two institutions (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Bogor Botanical Garden) in sustainability stage at institutional; development continuum. It seem that their institutional development progress will influence the existing packages for educating conservation program, which prepared at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Bogor Botanical Garden."

"Buku ini cukup menarik perhatianku, karena aku seorang pencinta alam. Sekilas buku ini terkesan berat materinya ketika aku menggenggamnya. Halaman demi halaman kubuka dari belakang ke depan.Topik-topik yang disajikan cukup menarik karena sesuai dengan apa yang terjadi di Indonesia. Mulai dari soal kerusakan sumber daya alam di darat, laut hingga udara, ibu Ulfah Utami membahasnya dari sudut pandang ilmiah dan islam.Memang apa yang dikemukakan seperti penebangan hutan yang berlangsung antara 2000-2005 adalah yang tercepat yaitu sebesar 1,871 juta hektar atau 2% setahun. Ini setara dengan 51 km2 per hari. Angka yang sangat fantastis tentunya.Aku terkesan dengan kedalaman berpikir ibu Utami ini. Ia mampu menyajikan materi konservasi sumber daya alam dengan bahasa yang mudah dicerna sehingga tidak membuat kepalaku pusing.Sebagai pencinta laut, walau bukan seorang pelaut, aku semakin dicerahkan oleh cara bu Utami memaparkan seberapa jauh intervensi manusia telah merusak ekosistem terumbu karang mulai dari tingkat global hingga ke dalam wilayah Indonesia sendiri.Beliau tidak hanya memaparkan masalah melainkan juga memberikan solusi. Sebenarnya masyarakat tradisional Indonesia telah mengenal sistem pemanfaatan sumber daya alam secara ramah lingkungan. Contohnya, pertanian di lereng-lereng gunung menerapkan petakan persawahan bergaya terasering dan rorak untuk menghindari terjadinya tanah longsor. Memang nenek moyang kita, bukan hanya orang pelaut tetapi juga, petani yang ulung."