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"Forty-eight male weanling rats (91 g) were utilized to study the nutritional adequacy of cooked polished white rice. Ratswere individually housed, and allowed ad libitum access to one of six treatment diets. Treatment diets were 1) polishedwhite rice plus 10% casein and 0.18% methionine, CAS, 2) polished white rice, WHR, 3) polished white rice plus0.45% lysine, LYS, 4) polished white rice plus0.40% methionine, MET, 5) polished white rice plus 0.30% threonine,THR, 6) polished white rice plus 0.45% lysine, 0.40% methionine, and 0.40% threonine, COM. Rice was cooked priordiet formulation using a 3 to 1 ratio of water to rice. Vitamins (AIN-76) and AIN minerals were added to all diets tomeet NRC (1978) requirements. Rats fed CAS diets were significantly heavier on d 21 (P<0.05) than rats on COM,LYS, MET, THR, or WHR diets, (219.9 vs. 171.6, 153.2, 153.2, 148.3, or 155.4 g respectively). Supplementation of themost deficient essential amino acids, lysine (LYS) or methionine (MET) did not improve (P>0.05) rat performance overWHR fed rats, Average daily gain (ADG) for CAS was 6.1 g/d and ADG for LYS and MET was 3.0 g/d. The additionof threonine (THR) significantly (P<0.05) reduced ADG when compared to WHR diets (2.7 vs. 3.0 g/d). When ratswere fed to COM diet significant (P<0.05) improvement in ADG was observed compared to WHR fed rats (4.8 vs. 3.0g/d). The increased gains achieved with COM diet and the poor gains observed with the single amino acid diets (LYS,MET, or THR) would suggest that polished white rice is limiting in more than one essential amino acid."

"Pada penelitian ini, asam risinoleat diesterifikasi dengan dry metanol dan katalis KOH dengan sistem reflux. Metil risinoleat yang terbentuk dioksidasi pada ikatan rangkapnya membentuk diol menggunakan KMnO4 encer dalam suasana basa pada suhu 0oC. Metil risinoleat kemudian diamidasi menggunakan asam amino glisin dan asam amino fenilalanin untuk menghasilkan senyawa lipoamida. Hasil karakterisasi lipoamida yang terbentuk menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan adanya pita serapan ulur N-H dan O-H yang overlaping pada bilangan gelombang 3445,47 cm-1 untuk lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 3434,06 cm-1 untuk lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Selain itu, muncul puncak serapan medium vibrasi C-N pada bilangan gelombang 1217,90 cm-1 pada lipoamida glisin-risinoleat dan 1217,59 cm-1 pada lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat. Hal ini menunjukkan ikatan amida yang terbentuk dari proses amidasi. Hasil uji sitotoksik MTT senyawa lipoamida terhadap sel HeLa menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 lipoamida glisin-risinoleat sebesar 120 µg/mL yang termasuk ke dalam kategori cukup aktif, sedangkan IC50 lipoamida fenilalanin-risinoleat sebesar 250 µg/mL yang tergolong memiliki sifat sitotoksisitas yang lemah terhadap sel HeLa.

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In this study, ricinoleic acid from castor oil was esterified with dry methanol and KOH catalyst using the reflux system. The methyl ricinoleate formed was oxidized on its double bonds to form a diol using dilute KMnO4 under alkaline conditions at 0oC. Methyl ricinoleate was then reacted through amidation process using amino acid glycine and amino acid phenylalanine to produce lipoamides. The results of characterization of lipoamides formed using FTIR showed that there were overlapping N-H and O-H stretch bands at wave numbers 3445.47 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 3434.06 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. In addition, the medium absorption peak of C-N appeared at the wave number 1217.90 cm-1 for glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide and 1217.59 cm-1 for phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide. These showed that the amide bonds were formed from the amidation process. The results of the MTT cytotoxic assay of lipoamide compounds against HeLa cells showed that the IC50 value of glycine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 120 µg / mL which was considered quite active, while the IC50 value of phenylalanine-ricinoleate lipoamide was 250 µg / mL which was classified as having weak cytotoxicity properties against HeLa cells"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui asupan asam amino taurin dan korelasinya dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada darah pasien osteoartritis lutut. Pada osteoartritis terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara prooksidan dengan antioksidan sehingga menimbulkan keadaan yang disebut stres oksidatif. Antioksidan enzimatik superoksida dismutase berperan dalam mencegah terjadinya stres oksidatif dengan cara memutus reaksi berantai radikal bebas sejak awal. Superoksida dismutase bekerja dengan cara mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida. Pada osteoartritis diketahui terjadi peningkatan superoksida dan penurunan aktivitas superoksida dismutase. Asam amino taurin merupakan asam amino yang terdapat dalam jumlah tinggi di tubuh namun tidak ikut berperan serta dalam sintesis protein. Asam amino taurin banyak terdapat dalam bahan makanan sumber protein hewani terutama ikan, daging dan hasil laut. Asam amino taurin mempunyai beberapa sifat antara lain sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan kondroprotektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain potong lintang dengan melibatkan 56 subjek OA lutut yang direkrut melalui consecutive sampling. Asupan taurin diambil dengan metode FFQ semikuantitatif. Sampel aktivitas superoksida dismutase diambil dari darah dan diukur menggunakan RANSOD SD 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi dengan SPSS. Rerata usia adalah 50,75 6,17 tahun, sebanyak 89,3 berjenis kelamin perempuan. Median asupan asam amino taurin adalah 59,77 15,96-278,57 mg per hari. Median aktivitas superoksida dismutase adalah 274,97 152,48-360,97 unit/mL dan didapatkan sebanyak 64,3 subjek dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase yang meningkat. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna dengan kekuatan lemah p = 0,034, r = 0,284 antara asupan asam amino taurin dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut. Kesimpulan: asupan asam amino taurin mungkin mempunyai peranan dengan aktivitas superoksida dismutase pada pasien osteoartritis lutut.

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The aim of this research was to observe the correlation between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activities on knee osteoarthritis patients. In osteoarthritis there is an imbalance state between pro oxidant and anti oxidant causing oxidative stress. The enzymatic anti oxidant superoxide dismutase plays an important role in stopping the occurrence of oxidative stress by cutting off the free radicals rsquo chain reaction from the beginning. Superoxide dismutase works by catalyzing superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Osteoarthritis cases are known by the increase of superoxide and the decrease of superoxide dismutase activities. Taurine is an amino acid that is found abundant in human body that does not play a role in protein synthesis reaction. Taurine amino acid is found in several food sources including fish, meat, and seafood. Taurine amino acid has several characteristics including anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, and chondro protective. This study used cross sectional design with 56 knee osteoarthritis subjects recruited through consecutive sampling. Taurine intake was obtained by semiquantitative FFQ method. The superoxide dismutase activity sample was obtained from whole blood and measured using RANSOD SD 125 with spectrophotometric method. The statistical test used correlation test with SPSS. The mean age was 50.75 6.17 years old, with 89.3 of them were females. Median for taurine intakes was 59.77 15.96 ndash 278.57 mg per day. Median for the superoxide dismutase activities was 274.97 152.48 ndash 360.97 unit per ml, and 64.3 of the subjects with increasing superoxide dismutase activity. This research found a positive yet low significant correlation p 0,034, r 0,284 between taurine amino acid intakes and superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion The taurine amino acid intake may have a role with the superoxide dismutase activity in patients with knee osteoarthritis."

"Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam.

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Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria.

Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler."

"Latar Belakang: Pada kondisi inflamasi pulpa, terdapat penurunan dari jumlah protein dan asam amino. L-Arginine adalah asam amino semi-esensial karena berperan penting pada kondisi tertentu, gangguan imun berat dan luka bakar, yang membutuhkan asupan tambahan L-Arginine eksternal. Asam amino L-Arginine menjadi satu-satunya substrat sintesis nitric oxide (NO) dan poliamina berasal dari konversi L-Arginine menjadi ornithinen melalui arginase. NO dan poliamina merangsang proliferasi sel dan memiliki efek positif pada perkembangan melalui siklus sel. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi asam amino L-Arginine terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs. Metode: Evaluasi asam amino L- Arginine konsentrasi 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, serta DMEM sebagai kontrol terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs menggunakan uji cell count setelah 24 jam. Analisis statistic menggunakan Oneway ANOVA dengan post hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna potensi L-Arginine 300,400 dan 500 μmol/L dibandingkan kontrol, dan L- Arginine 500 μmol/L memiliki rerata proliferasi hDPSCs paling tinggi sebesar 436.666 sel/ml. Kesimpulan: Asam amino L-Argininee memiliki potensi terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs dan proliferasi tertinggi pada asam amino L-Arginine konsentrasi 500 μmol/L.

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Background: In the inflammatory condition of the pulp, there is a decrease in the amount of protein and amino acids. L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid because it plays an important role in certain conditions, severe immune disorders and burns, which require additional intake of external L-Arginine. The amino acid L-Arginine is the sole substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines derived from the conversion of L- Arginine to ornithine via arginase. NO and polyamines stimulate cell proliferation and have a positive effect on progression through the cell cycle. Objective: To determine the potential of L-Arginine amino acid on the proliferation of hDPSCs. Methods: Evaluation of L-Arginine amino acid with concentrations of 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, and DMEM as a control for hDPSCs proliferation using cell count test after 24 hours. Statistical analysis using Oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc. Results: There was a significant difference in the potency of L-Arginine 300,400 and 500 μmol/L compared to control, and L-Arginine 500 mol/L had the highest average proliferation of hDPSCs of 436.666 cells/ml. Conclusion: The amino acid L-arginine has the potential to proliferate hDPSCs and the highest concentration at 500 μmol/L."

"Apoptin merupakan protein dari virus anemia ayam yang dapat menginduksi apoptosis sel kanker. Penggunaannya sebagai senyawa antikanker dapat mengatasi kelemahan metode kemoterapi. Deteksi massa molekular apoptin dilakukan dengan SDS-PAGE memiliki keberagaman hasil dan asam-asam amino rekombinan dalam apoptin disinyalir menyadi penyebabnya. Karakterisasi asam-asam amino rekombinan dalam apoptin untuk membuktikan hipotesis tersebut dilakukan dengan dua variasi rekombinan plasmid, yakni modifikasi 12 histidin dan modifikasi 12 histidin-8 arginin yang ditransformasikan pada Escherichia coli DH5α. Kedua variasi modifikasi plasmid ini mendapatkan perlakuan yang sama. Transformasi plasmid dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode heat shock dengan suhu 42oC dan bantuan CaCl2 dalam pembentukan sel Escherichia coli DH5α kompeten. Penentuan konsentrasi apoptin dilakukan dengan metode Lowry dan BSA sebagai protein standarnya. Deteksi massa molekular apoptin oleh metode SDS-PAGE dilakukan dengan konsentrasi gel sebesar 15% dan mendeteksi adanya pita protein di bawah 30 KDa. Uji karakterisasi asam amino yang dilakukan dengan Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy menunjukkan bahwa adanya konsentrasi asam amino berlebih dalam apoptin sehingga meningkatkan deteksi massa molekularnya oleh SDS-PAGE.

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Apoptin is a protein from chicken anemia virus which could induce tumor cell apoptotic. The use of apoptin as anticancer could overwhelm chemotheraphy weaknesses. Apoptin molecular weight detection conducted by SDS-PAGE had various results while the recombinant amino acids are the suspects. Recombinant amino acids characterization of apoptin in order to prove the hypothesis was conducted by two variants of recombinant plasmid, which were 12 histidine modification dan 12 histidine-8 arginine modification, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. These two variations were given the same treatment. Heat shock method was used in plasmid transformation at 42oC and CaCl2 treatment was used in order to create Escherichia coli DH5α competent cells. Apoptin concentration determination was conducted by Lowry method and BSA was used as protein standard. Molecular weight detection of apoptin by SDS-PAGE was conducted using 15% gel concentration and there was protein band detected below 30 KDa. Amino acids characterization test conducted indicate that there are excess amino acids concentration in apoptin as the cause of increasing molecular weight detection by SDS-PAGE.

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"ABSTRAKLawson atau 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtaquinone adalah senyawa yang berasal dari 1,4- naphtaquinone yang dilaporkan memiliki manfaat yang baik dalam hal uji aktivitas biologis dan farmakologi seperti antimikroba, antiretik, antioksidan, dan aktivitas baik untuk penderita tuberkulosis. Dalam skala produksi senyawa Lawson dapat meningkatkan waktu dan efisiensi dalam pembentukan senyawa antioksidan dengan menggunakan katalis asam amino (L-proline). Dalam penelitian ini asam amino (L-proline) yang digunakan sebagai katalisator untuk sintesis senyawa Lawson melibatkan pereaksi benzaldehida, sinamaldehida dan 2-hidroksibenzaldehida. Karakterisasi Katalis L-prolin dan sintesis senyawa Lawson dilakukan menggunakan FT-IR, GC-MS dan UV-Vis, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis dan uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH.ABSTRACTLawson or 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtaquinone is a compound derived from 1,4-naphtaquinone which is reported to have good benefits in terms of biological and pharmacological activity tests such as antimicrobial, antiretic, antioxidant, and good activity for tuberculosis sufferers. In the production scale of Lawson compounds, it can increase the time and efficiency in the formation of antioxidant compounds by using an amino acid catalyst (L-proline). In this study, the amino acid (L-proline) which is used as a catalyst for the synthesis of Lawson compounds involves the reagents benzaldehyde, cinamaldehyde and 2 hydroxybenzaldehyde. Characterization of L-proline catalyst and synthesis of Lawson compounds were carried out using FT-IR, GC-MS and UV-Vis, Thin Layer Chromatography and antioxidant assays using the DPPH method."

"Latar Belakang L-Sitrulin merupakan asam alfa-amino non-protein yang disintesis dalam siklus urea. L- Sitrulin sendiri memiliki beberapa fungsi dalam tubuh, yaitu sebagai produk sekunder dari nitrat oksida yang merupakan hasil dari oksidasi arginin. Nitrat oksida memiliki beberapa fungsi yang di antaranya adalah sebagai molekul antioksidan, antiinflamasi, serta, vasoproteksi. L-Sitrulin ini ditemukan pada berbagai buah famili Cucurbitaceae. Adapun beberapa contoh buah famili Cucurbitaceae di antaranya adalah melon, semangka, mentimun, dan labu siam. Akan tetapi, belum ada penilitian terkait apakah ada perbedaan kadar L-Sitrulin di buah semangka merah dan buah semangka kuning. Oleh karena itu, peneliti terdorong dan ingin membuktikan kadar sitrulin pada buah semangka merah dan kuning. Metode Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Desain ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar L-Sitrulin di dalam buah semangka merah dan semangka kuning dengan metode Knipp dan Vasak sebagai acuan. Adapun sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kadar L-sitrulin dalam berat bersih 50 gram buah semangka merah dan semangka kuning. Hasil Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, semangka merah dan kuning memiliki kadar sitrulin dalam 100 gram sampel masing-masing adalah 2,55 gram/100 gram sampel dan 2,63 gram/100 gram sampel. Hasil pengukuran dua jenis buah tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna dengan nilai p > 0,05. Kesimpulan Semangka merah dan kuning memiliki kadar sitrulin yang cukup untuk dikonsumsi berdasarkan pengukuran dan pengujian data yang telah dilakukan.

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Introduction L-Citrulline is a non-essential alpha-amino acid that is synthesized in the urea cycle. L- Citrulline itself has several functions in the body, namely as a secondary product of nitric oxide which is the result of arginine oxidation. Nitric oxide has several functions, including as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoprotective molecule. L-citrulline is found in various fruits of the Cucurbitaceae family. Some examples of the Cucurbitaceae family include melons, watermelons, cucumbers and chayote. However, there has been no research related to whether there is a difference in L-citrulline levels in watermelon red flesh and yellow flesh watermelon. Therefore, researchers are motivated and want to prove the levels of citrulline in red and yellow flesh watermelons. Method The research was conducted using a descriptive design along with a quantitative approach. This design was carried out to determine the levels of L-Citrulline in red watermelon and yellow watermelon using the Knipp and Vasak method as a reference. The samples used in this study were L-citrulline levels in a net weight of 100 grams of red watermelon and yellow watermelon. Results Based on the measurement results, red and yellow flesh watermelon have citrulline levels in 100 grams of sample, respectively 2.55 grams/100 grams of sample and 2.63 grams/100 grams of sample. The measurement results of the two types of fruit did not have a significant difference with a p value > 0.05. Conclusion Red and yellow watermelons have sufficient citrulline levels for consumption based on measurements and testing data that have been carried out."

"Latar Belakang Sitrulin adalah asam amino non-protein yang terbentuk secara endogen melalui siklus urea pada hati dan ginjal sebagai senyawa intermediet. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa buah-buahan golongan Cucurbitaceae (seperti semangka, melon, dan mentimun) memiliki kandungan sitrulin. Sitrulin dapat menurunkan risiko terjadinya penyakit hipertensi dengan menghasilkan nitrat oksida (NO) sebagai vasodilator pembuluh darah. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa mentimun memiliki kandungan sitrulin untuk menurunkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini ingin membuktikan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kadar sitrulin pada buah mentimun lokal dan mentimun jepang. Metode Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengetahui kadar asam amino sitrulin dalam protein pada buah mentimun lokal dan mentimun jepang. Metode pembuktian adanya senyawa sitrulin dalam jus mentimun berdasarkan prinsip colorimetric assay Knipp dan Vasak (2000). Hasil Terdapat kandungan sitrulin pada buah mentimun dengan massa rata-rata kadar sitrulin per protein total yang terkandung dalam jenis mentimun lokal dan mentimun jepang secara berurutan adalah (0,291  0,104) mmol/mg dan (0,414  0,106) mmol/mg untuk 100 gram buah. Kadar sitrulin total pada buah mentimun sebesar (1,087  0,042) gram dan mentimun jepang sebesar (1,319  0,068) gram dalam 100 gram sampel buah. Kesimpulan Terdapat kandungan sitrulin pada buah mentimun, baik mentimun lokal dan mentimun jepang dengan perbedaan kadar yang tidak signifikan antara mentimun lokal dan mentimun jepang. Mentimun lokal maupun mentimun jepang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber makanan yang baik dalam mencegah penyakit kardiovaskular contohnya hipertensi dan angina pektoris, serta mengurangi risiko terjadinya komplikasi mikrovaskular pada penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2.

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Introduction Citrulline is a non-protein amino acid that is formed endogenously through the urea cycle in the liver and kidneys as an intermediate compound. Previous studies have shown that Cucurbitaceae fruits (such as watermelon, melon, and cucumber) contain citrulline. Citrulline can reduce the risk of hypertension by producing nitric oxide (NO) as a vasodilator of blood vessels. Several studies have shown that cucumber contains citrulline to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study wants to determine and compare the levels of citrulline in local cucumbers and Japanese cucumbers. Method This study used a quantitative descriptive approach to determine the levels of the amino acid citrulline per total protein in local cucumber and Japanese cucumber. The method of proving the presence of citrulline compounds in cucumber juice based on the principle of colorimetric assay Knipp and Vasak (2000). Results The content of citrulline in cucumber fruit with the average mass of citrulline content per total protein contained in local cucumber and japanese cucumber types is (0,291  0,104) mmol/mg and (0,414  0,106) mmol/mg of citrulline for 100 grams of fruit, respectively. The total mass of citrulline in 100 grams of local cucumber fruit is (1,087  0,042) grams and japanese cucumber is (1,319  0,068) grams for 100 grams fruit sample Conclusion The presence of citrulline compounds in local cucumber and Japanese cucumber is proved. The content of citrulline in both types of cucumber has a not significant difference levels between local cucumbers and Japanese cucumbers. Local cucumbers and Japanese cucumbers can be used as a good food source in preventing cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and angina pectoris, and also reducing the risk of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus."