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"Local Birocracy Performance on The Controlling and to Meassures Forest and Land Fires (Case Study : at Pontianak and Sambas Districts West Kalimantan Province)

Forestry sectors has been playing important role on economics at West Kalimantan is 23,68% (BPS,2000). Forest in this province is categorized as protection forests, wildlife sanctuary, national park, limited production forest, production forest and converted areas, totally number 9,030 acre. Those natural resources is needs to be maintain and to preserve.

Forest and land fires is one of the cause of deforestation, often resulting in loss on several dimensions:such as economics, environmental, ecological, and social. According to Directorate Protection of Forestry Department (1998) in 1997 26.590,36 acres forest and land were on fires.This number included production forest 23.811 acres, ,wildlife sanctuary 1,378 acres. At national level West Kalimantan was on the third rank largest areas loss due to fire.

Local birocracy issued a policy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires. The policy carried out through institutions that were inter-related local birocracy. Institutions whose have responsibilities and duties in solving and handling the fires problems. Nonetheles, those institutions have not perform optimal yet in controlling and to measures, as much as expected. Therefore we need to study the main cause of non optimal performance institutions on local birocracy in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.This problem emerges research quoctions:

In which inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

How does local birocracy perform in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

What are the component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan?

The aim of this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

Local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

The component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan.

This study refered to organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes, and facilities as supporting element on local birocracy performance.

Input elements are organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities. Those inputs later on became variables, which indicate local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires.

This research used survey method by using secondary data. Generally,this research used analytical descriptive methods and using ex post facto. In order to analyze raw data, this research used scaling techniques. Refers to goal achivement on each variables, the point of view of analysis is to know about performance of local birocracy at two districts; Pontianak and Sambas.

The conclusions could be drawn from this research are:

Inter-related local birocracy to performed a role in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan.

Local birocracy performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan and Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan in Pontianak districts categorized less succes; whereas at Sambas districts, performance at Kantor Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan categorized not success and at Dinas Pertanian and Kehutanan less success in in controlling and to measures forest and land fires

3_ Component to support local birocracy performance in controlling and to measure forest and land fires at both districts Pontianak and Sambas West Kalimantan, are: organizational structure, human resources, budgets, programmes and facilities.

There are no decreasing number in forest and land fires and hotspots on 2002 mean vulnerability for forest and land fires in West Kalimantan province still high."

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia, khususnya di Provinsi Jambi hampirterjadi setiap tahun tetapi dengan intensitas dan luasan yang tidak selalu sama.Melalui interpretasi citra NOAA tahun 2004 sampai dengan tahun 2008 denganmenggunakan parameter hotspot, penelitian ini bertujuan membahas perubahanpola sebaran hotspot dan karakteristik wilayah kebakaran hutan dan lahan diProvinsi Jambi. Hasil analisis spasial dengan teknik overlay diperoleh bahwasecara umum kebakaran di Provinsi Jambi memiliki pola yang mengelompok danlokasinya hampir selalu tetap setiap tahun. Wilayah yang terjadi kebakaran lebihbanyak terjadi di musim kering dan berada dekat dengan pemukiman penduduk,dimana lokasi tersebut merupakan wilayah dengan vegetasi yang kurang rapat dandengan jenis tanah hasil pelapukan bahan-bahan organik."

"Kebakaran hutan dan/atau lahan di Indonesia telah terjadi sejakabad 19. Kasus kebakaran yang paling signifikan terjadi padatahun 1982, 1997-1998, dan 2006. Kebakaran hutan inimenghasilkan asap dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak dan dirasakanjuga oleh masyarakat di Malaysia dan Singapura. Adapunpencemaran oleh asap ini dapat dikatakan sebagai pencemaranudara lintas batas karena dihasilkan di wilayah Indonesia dandampaknya dapat dirasakan sampai ke Malaysia dan Singapura.Penyebab dari kebakaran hutan dan/atau lahan yang menghasilkanpencemaran asap lintas batas ini adalah terutama karena konversihutan dan/atau lahan menjadi lahan perkebunan. Cara konversihutan dan/atau lahan yang paling mudah dan murah adalah denganmembakar hutan. Namun, melihat bahwa perusahaan perkebunanmerupakan penyebab utama kebakaran hutan, pemerintah Indonesia,khususnya pemerintah daerah masih saja memberikan konsesi lahan.Hal ini diperparah dengan tidak adanya mekanisme kontrol dansanksi yang tegas bagi para pelanggar. Upaya pemerintah dalammenanggulangi masalah ini lebih dititikberatkan padapenanggulangan kebakaran hutan, bukan pada upaya pencegahan.Padahal dalam hukum internasional, suatu negara memilikikewajiban pada masyarakat internasional untuk menjaga wilayahnyadan memastikan bahwa aktivitas dalam wilayahnya tidak mengganggunegara lain. Sayangnya, sampai saat ini, Indonesia masih belumdapat mengatasi masalah kebakaran hutan dan pencemaran udaralintas batas. Masalah ini terus berulang setiap tahunnya danmerugikan tidak hanya Indonesia, namun juga negara tetangga,Malaysia, dan Singapura. Padahal, atas kegagalan ini, Indonesiadapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban melalui forum internasional."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas tentang strategi dan implementasi Program Desa Siaga Api terhadap kesadaran masyarakat atas bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi program dilakukan dengan melibatkan pemerintah, masyarakat dan perusahaan, pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran dilakukan dengan bentuk sosialisasi dengan pemangku kepentingan, kampanye, program pertanian ekologis terpadu dan program masyarakat siaga api. Hasil perubahan masyarakat dari pelaksanaan program dihasilkan kesadaran masyarakat karena adanya penegakan sanksi hukum terhadap pembakar lahan oleh aparat pemerintah, program desa siaga api memiliki andil dalam memberikan kesadaran kepada masyarakat yang terlibat dalam program, selain itu adanya program sebelumnya yang memiliki tujuan pencegahan kebakaran. Faktor yang menjadi penghambat program adanya aturan pemerintah membolehkan membuka ladang dengan membakar dengan batas yang ditentukan sedangkan faktor pendukung program adalah komitmen perusahaan dalam menjalankan program. Peran program desa siaga api dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan kebakaran adalah mengisi kekosongan peran pemerintah dalam menanggulangi dan pencegahan kebakaran lahan.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses about the strategy and implementation of Desa Siaga Api Program in changing community behaviour to reduce the dangers of forest and land fires. The research used qualitative approach with descriptive design. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of the concept was involving government dan community to synergize with company. Fire prevention and countermeasure programs were implemented by some activities such as socialization with stakeholders, campaigns, integrated ecological agriculture program and masyarakat siaga api program. The results of implementation were the appearance of community interest to the program and also the elevation of their knowledge about integrated ecology farming and the program had changed community farming pattern. Government policy that allow community to slash and burn in farming was obstacle factors of the program, in contrast stakeholder rsquo s role in reinforcing strictly Inpres no 11 Th. 2015 and company rsquo s commitment to keep running the program were the supporting factor. The role of this program as the form of Corporate Social Responsibity was filling the gaps of the government 39 s role in tackling and preventing land fires"

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi ancaman cukup serius bagi masyarakatsecara global pada dua dekade terakhir karena kontribusinya terhadap rusaknyaekosistem, peningkatan emisi karbon, penurunan keanekaragaman hayati,gangguan kesehatan, dan kerugian ekonomi. Kalimantan merupakan daerah yangrawan terhadap bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui model identifikasi burned area yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan diKalimantan dengan menggunakan citra MODIS serta mengkaji sebaran burnedarea secara spasial (spatial distribution). Identifikasi burned area dilakukandengan menggunakan indeks vegetasi (NDVI), indeks kebakaran (NBR), dannilai reflektansi dari citra MODIS. Analisis sebaran secara spasial dilakukandengan menumpangsusunkan (overlay) antara burned area dengan variabelvariabelpenutup lahan, curah hujan, elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, danjarak dengan permukiman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari semuamodel, model NBR memberikan tingkat akurasi paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,635atau 63,5%. Luas total burned area di Kalimantan pada tahun 2011 sekitar343.290 ha. Sebaran spasial burned area di Kalimantan sebagian besar beradapada suatu wilayah yang mempunyai karakteristik; (a) curah hujan bulanankurang dari 200 mm/bulan, (b) jenis tanah Tropohemists, Tropaquepts, atauQuartzipsaments, (c) penutup lahan semak/belukar, sawah, hutan, atauladang/tegalan, (d) elevasi di bawah 100 meter dpl, (e) datar dengan kemiringan 0? 3%, dan (f) relatif dekat dengan permukiman.

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Abstract Forest and land fire has been a serious threat for global communities since twolast decades because their contribution to ecosystem damages, carbon emissionincreasing, biodiversity decreasing, healthy interfering, and also economic lost.Kalimantan is the prone area of the forest and land fire. Objectives of the researchare to find out the appropriate identification model of burned area derived fromMODIS imagery and to analyze their spatial distribution. The burned areaidentification was developed by using the variabels extracted from MODISimagery such vegetation index (NDVI), burn index (NBR), and reflectance values.Then, the spatial distribution was analyzed by using overlay methods betweenburned area and variabels of rainfall, landcover, elevation, slope, soil type and thedistances from settlements. The research concludes that among several models,the NBR model show the highest accuracy, that is 63,5 %. Total of the burnedarea in Kalimantan for 2011 was about 343,290 hectares. The burned area spatialdistribution in Kalimantan mostly located on the regions which havecharacteristics; (a) rainfall less than 200 mm/month, (b) soil type of Tropohemists,Tropaquepts, or Quartzipsaments, (c) landcover of shrublands, paddy fields,forests, or croplands, (d) elevation less than 100 metres asl, (e) flat regions withslope about 0 ? 3%, and (f) relatively near from settlements."