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"Musik beserta budaya punk mulai berkembang di Jerman pada akhir tahun 70-an di masa Perang Dingin, dimulai dari Jerman Barat yang kemudian memasuki Jerman Timur. Kehidupan mereka di kedua negara Jerman tersebut pada masa pra reunifikasi juga dibahas dalam film-film Jerman mulai dari tahun 2000-an. Salah satu film yang membahas kehidupan mereka adalah Wie Feuer und Flamme 2001. Film yang disutradai oleh Connie Walther ini menceritakan kehidupan seorang anak muda bernama Captain dan teman-temannya sebagai anak punk di Jerman Timur, film ini juga menceritakan cerita cinta Captain dengan seorang gadis bernama Nele dari Jerman Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori identitas dari Stuart Hall untuk melihat konstruksi identitas remaja punk Jerman Timur dalam film. Setelah melakukan analisis dapat terlihat identitas remaja punk yang terlihat di dalam film terdiri dari dua, yaitu yang melawan otoritas serta yang pro- Jerman Barat. Konstruksi identitas mereka tersebut digunakan untuk mengkritik pemerintahan Jerman Timur dan menunjukkan ketertarikan mereka akan budaya barat dengan maksud untuk menunjukkan dominasi dan keunggulan Jerman Barat terhadap Jerman Timur, termasuk pula di dalam negara Jerman yang bersatu setelah reunifikasi Jerman.

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Music and punk culture began to flourish in Germany in the late 70s during the Cold War, starting from West Germany which later entered East Germany. Their lives in both Germany in pre reunification was also discussed in German movies from the 2000s. One of the movies discussing their lives is Wie Feuer und Flamme 2001. The movie, directed by Connie Walther tells the life of a young boy named Captain and his friends as punk in East Germany, the movie also tells the love story between Captain and a girl named Nele from West Germany.

This study uses the theory of identity from Stuart Hall to see the construction of the identity of East German punk teens in the movie. After doing the analysis, it can be seen that there are two identities of punk teenagers who are in the movie, namely punk who are against the authority and punk who are pro West Germany. The construction of their identities was used to criticize the East German government and show their interest in western culture with intent to show West German domination and superiority over East Germany, including within the united Germany after the reunification of Germany. "

"ABSTRAKIroni pada Permasalahan Imigran di Jerman dalam Karya Rafik Schami: Von Echten und Unechten Deutschen

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ABSTRACTIrony on Immigrant Issues in Germany in the Work of Rafik Schami Von Echten und Unechten Deutschen"

"The objective of this paper is to focus on the methodologicalaspect in studying young people's sexuality. Due to the extreme sensitivityin studying this issue, an eclectic approaches to data gathering whichinclude survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, mediaclippings and daily _,field note is used. Five sexual indices developed fromthe 1994/'95 Sexuality and Marriage Values Survey is elaborated anddiscussed. The index score produced from the sexual indices for sexualbehavior are categorized into three groups: low, medium and high.Respondents who have a high score are assumed to be more liberal thanrespondents with a low score. The paper also discussed the advantages,disadvantages and how to make focus group and in-depth interview work insuch a conservative cultural setting. Finally, the paper speculate; in tryingto understanding sexuality referred to by researchers as ?ego-threatening ',?sensitive', and 'taboo topics' by using the eclectic approaches to datagathering."