"Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintah Daerah menjelaskan bahwa dinamika masyarakat pada tingkat desa dapat terwadahi dalam tiga institusi utama yaitu Pemerintah Desa, Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dan Lembaga Kemasyarakatan. Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM) merupakan salah satu lembaga kemasyarakatan sebagai mitra kerja pemerintah desa untuk mengelola, merencanakan dan melaksanakan pembangunan dengan menggali swadaya gotong royong masyarakat. Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat merupakan pengganti dari Lembaga Ketahanan Masyarakat Desa yang dianggap sudah tidak sesuai lagi dengan semangat otonomi daerah. Pembangunan desa merupakan upaya pembangunan yang dilaksanakan di desa dengan ciri utama adanya partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan kegiatannya meliputi seluruh aspek kehidupan masyarakat baik fisik material maupun mental spiritual. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian tentang peranan Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede Kabupaten Bogor.
Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji dan mengungkap peranan LPM serta partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede Kabupaten Bogor. Selain itu juga mengetahui bagaimana hubungan peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pembangunan desa, serta kontribusi pembangunan desa dalam rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey. Dilaksanakan penelitian deskriptif maupun asosiatif agar dperoleh kejelasan terhadap variabel yang diteliti. Data dikumpulkan melalui kegiatan wawancara, observasi, kuesioner dan pemanfaatan data sekunder yang selanjutnya diolah serta dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan tingkat sedang sebesar 0,56 antara peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat secara bersama-sama terhadap pembangunan desa. Peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat saling mendukung dan memperkuat dalam meningkatkan pembangunan desa. Pengaruh peranan LPM dan Partisipasi masyarakat terhadap pembangunan desa dinyatakan ke dalam persamaan regresi Y = 46,67 + 0,1 X1 + 0,28 X2 untuk keperluan prediksi. Sesuai nilai koefisien determinasi (r2) = 0,32 mencerminkan bahwa 32 % variasi variabel pembangunan desa dipengaruhi oleh adanya variasi variabel peranan LPM dan partisipasi masyarakat secara simultan.
Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa peranan LPM belum optimal dan merata diwujudkan di seluruh desa. Hal ini karena terbatasnya kemampuan pengurus LPM, kurangnya sosialisasi tugas dan fungsi LPM kepada masyarakat, kurangnya pembinaan dari Pemda serta tidak ada dukungan dana operasional. Partisipasi masyarakat lebih besar kontribusinya dari peranan LPM dalam pembangunan desa. Adanya partisipasi masyarakat tidak selalu dimotori oleh pengurus LPM, bisa oleh tokoh masyarakat lainnya sehingga menjadi tantangan bagi pengurus LPM untuk menarik dan memperoleh dukungan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya. Kontribusi pembangunan desa di Kecamatan Bojonggede dalarn rangka meningkatkan ketahanan daerah di Kabupaten Bogor antara lain adanya pemahaman dan pengamalan ideologi Pancasila cukup baik oleh masyarakat, Pemilu berlangsung lancar dan pilihan kepada desa berlangsung secara demokratis, kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat cukup dinamis walaupun jumlah pengangguran, keluarga pra sejahtera cukup banyak, perubahan struktur sosial maupun gaya hidup sangat drastis akibat pengaruh kota sehingga perlu diwaspadai perkembangannya, saat ini kondisi keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat terkendali.
Act Number 32, 2004 on Local Government Stated that the community activities on the rural level conducted through three principal institutions, which are, the rural government, rural house of deliberation, and the society institution. Society Empowerment Institution (SEI) is one of the society institutions which functioned as working partner of the rural government for managing, planning and executing the development projects through the elaboration of the community's local resources. SEI is the replacement as well as continuation of the now abolished rural society resilience institution which considered being no longer relevant with the local autonomy spirit. Rural development is the effort of development which carried out in rural areas, with main characteristics of the presence of active participation from the local community and its activities are encompassing all aspects of the local community's daily life, both material and spiritual. It is in the light of the principal that this research was conducted to study the role of SEI in the rural development, in Bojonggede, regency of Bogor.
The goal of this research is to study and reveal the role of SEI, as well as the local community participation toward the rural development, and the contribution of the rural development in enhancing the regional resilience. This research was conducted by utilizing survey method. Both descriptive and associative research was used, to achieve a degree of accuracy and clarity of the variables being studied. The data were collected through interviews, observations, questioners, and the proper utilization of secondary data which were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis.
The outcome of the research indicated the existence of medium level relation 0.56 between the SET role and the community participation, which simultaneously affected the rural development. Both of the SEI role and the rural community participation are mutually supporting as well as mutually strengthening in enhancing the rural development. The influence of SEI role and community participation toward rural development are stated in the following regression equation = 46,67 + 4,lXfi + 0,28X2 for the means of prediction. According to the determination of coefficient value (?) = 0.32 indicated that the 32% variation of rural development variables was influenced by the presence of variation of simultaneous SEI role and community participation variables.
The research concluded that the SEI role has not reached its utmost optimality, and the presence throughout the rural area is still considered to be uneven. The primary causes of such condition mainly are the limited capability of the SEI personnel, the lack of socialization on the task and function of the SEI among rural community, and the lack of assistance as well as operational budget from the regional government. Currently, the contribution of community participation is still larger in comparison to the SEI role, since that traditional participation frequently do not initiated by the SEI personnel, which become a considerable challenge for the SEI to be able to attract and to win popular support in executing its task and function of developing rural area. The primary contributions of the rural development in Bogor regency are correct understanding and application of Pancasila within Bogor society, the success of the 2004 general election, as well as the local rural government executive official election, which also achieved a considerable success. The contribution also reflected in economic domain, visible from the dynamic economic activity of the society, in spite of the still quite high number in jobless persons, poor families, and the changes in both social structure as well as the way of life which drastically altered due to the urban influence which are needed' special attention. However, above all else, the condition of the local resilience, security and public order, is still in favorable term."
