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"Instution is an important aspect for creating strategy of the pledge area development.Regarding the implementation of the strategy,some aspects have to be highlighted such as (1) the strategy has to be a guideline for the organization daily routine; ...."

"Penetapan Kawasan Andalan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dan sekaligus untuk meningkatkan pemerataan pembangunan daerah. Keberadaan Kawasan Andalan memegang peranan penting sebagai acuan alokasi investasi bagi pemerintah daerah, swasta, dan masyarakat. Dengan keberhasilan pengembangan kawasan andalan diharapkan dalam jangka panjang kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan evaluasi pembanguan di Propinsi Lampung akan semakin meningkat, terutama dalam hal peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan kinerja pembangunan ekonomi pada daerah Kabupaten dan Kota. Pada tahun anggaran 2000 telah disusun Rencana Program Pengembangan Kawasan Andalan Bandar Lampung dan Metro, dengan demikian maka pembahasan akan dilakukan batas kawasan strategis yang memiliki komoditas potensial untuk dipacu pengembangannya sesuai dengan basis ekonomi yang dimiliki yaitu hanya pada Kota Bandar Lampung dan Kota Metro.Pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah dan pembangunan dapat dilakukan bersamaan melalui perluasan kegiatan ekonomi. Program pengembangan Kawasan Andalan itu sendiri bertujuan untuk Melakukan identifikasi terhadap sektor unggulan, dan sub kawasan strategis darn Mengevaluasi Berta Menganalisis Kota Bandar Lampung-Metro sebagai kawasan andalan, dalam pengembangan sektor dan sub kawasan strategis.Berdasarkan kebijakan pengembangan Kawasan Andalan untuk kawasan Bandar Lampung dan Metro bahwa ada beberapa sektor yang bukan menjadi andalan akan tetapi merupakan pendukung sektor andalan dan dapat dikategorikan sebagai kawasan andalan seperti halnya di Kota Metro di mana untuk sektor Pertanian sebagai sektor unggulan meskipun bukan merupakan sektor andalan akan tetapi di dorong dari sub sektor peternakan, sedangkan untuk Kota Bandar Lampung mempunyai kategori kawasan andalan dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang ada. Kebijakan daerah dalam penerapan untuk Kota Bandar Lampung sebagai kawasan andalan cocok dengan fungsi Kota Bandar Lampung sebagai Pusat pemerintahan Propinsi Lampung. Dari hasil perhitungan LQ hampir semua sektor merupakan sektor basis dan Shift Share mempunyai share yang tinggi (dominan)."

"Agroindustry has become the main pillar in South Kalimantan development, it can be found in RPJPD 2005-2025. Kandangan mainstay region as one of three leading region in South Kalimantan which potentially improved to push economy growth through agriculture based industry activity (agroindustry). The concept of agroindustry a side is expected to drive economic growth as well as to realize the equitable distribution of income. This research ains to: identify to economic development of the region in Kandangan mainstay regions, identify the main commodity, identify means of supporting agroindustry, and formulating development development strategies based agroindustry region. Entropy analysis shows the development of the economy sufficiently developed in Kandangan mainstay region dominated by the agricultural sector, namely food crops subsector. LQ an SSA analysis shows corn and rice crops become competitive commodities. There are only few of supporting infrastructure agroindustrial activities. Strategy formulation in the research is the improvement of infrastructure or infrastructure than can facilities inter regional connectivity in the region mainstay Kandangan and the government as the leading actor agroindustry development "

"Natuna island is specified for an area called integrated economic development zone. As a pledge area in which the development is a being prioritized for escalating regional economic growth,included surrounded area, local,regional, and even national as well

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"Kabupaten Karawang yang dikenal sebagai daerah penghasil padi, kini mengalami perkembangan industri yang pesat. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah perubahan penggunaan lahan akibat pembangunan kawasan industri dapat meningkatkan risiko banjir. Namun demikian, instrumen perencanaan kawasan belum mementingkan risiko banjir secara komprehensif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan konsep perencanaan kawasan industri di daerah rawan banjir untuk mencapai pembangunan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran (mixed method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) perubahan rona lingkungan akibat perubahan fungsi lahan persawahan dan hutan sekunder menjadi kawasan industri dan permukiman. Luasan lahan terbangun meningkat 126% selama periode 30 tahun; (2) perubahan penggunaan lahan meningkatkan risiko bencana, terindikasi dengan proyeksi fraksi run-off permukaan tanah meningkat sebesar 0,30% pada tahun 2030; (3) Korelasi kuat sebesar 0,731 antara faktor lingkungan dengan dampak banjir. Perencanaan berbasis model risiko bencana dengan mitigasi struktural dan non struktural menjadi pilihan pembangunan berkelanjutan di kawasan industri.

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Karawang Regency is known as rice-producing region, now it’s experiencing tremendous industrial growth. The problem in this research is the landuse changes due to the development of industrial areas could increase the flood risk. Nevertheless, the regional planning instrument has not yet comprehensively prioritized the flood risk. This research aims to provide a planning concept for industrial region in flood-prone areas to achieve sustainable development. The method used is mixed method. The study showed: (1) changes in environmental setting were due to landuse changes from rice fields and secondary forest into settlements and industrial areas. coverage of built-up areas is increasing by 126% within 30 years period; (2) landuse changes increase the disaster risk, indicated by the projection of run-off that has 0.30% incline in the Year 2030; (3) The strong correlation of 0.731between environmental factor and flood impact.  Disaster-risk model planning with structural and non-structural mitigation is an option for sustainable development in industrial areas."

"After the severe fall of oil price in 1986, Indonesia has consistently maintained structural adjustment policy which has successfully shift it dependence from the oil sector to the non-oil sector. This alteration was absolutely necessary due to the fact that Indonesian economic performance could never rely anymore on oil revenue, which also meant reducing the goverment role in driving the economic growth. In order to achive that goal, several macroeconomic policies such as deregulations have been conducted to give private sector more space and a bigger role in the economy. The bigger role for the private sector, the more market mechanism will take place in controlling the equilbrium process. Yet another problem raised, particularly in the regional point of view, that private sector always seek profit opportunity in areas which have large marginal revenue of product. This condition is significantly taking place in Indonesia with the Western part of Indonesia playing as an ace for private investors. This regional imbalance between the Western and Eastern part of Indonesia has not also been creating resources accumulation in the Western part but also dragging resources out from the Eastern part. This condition will eventually restrain overall economic maximization since the Eastern part: production and consumption possibility are non-optimized. This study will analyze the impact of the incerase in development expenditure ,especially infrastructure, on Eastern part's economic dynamic : growth, private investment and strucutral transformation, using a regional macroeconometric model. Other objective is to compare those dynamics under several development scenarios : growth centre scenario and underdevelopment areas scenario. Regional economic consideration has been taken place since we finally realized the fact that national oriented macroeconomic policy often fails to create the desired performance. The nobility of top down approach is faced with the prevailing facts that different regional characteristics, which used to be taken for granted, caused each region acts differently or even oppositely from what is expected to be. According to this issue, this study also addresses its analysis in comparing results from top down to bottom up policy excercise in developing Eastern part of Indonesia's economy."