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"ABSTRAKMemiliki anak kandung merupakan salah satu tujuan umum dari pernikahan. Untuk menghasilkan anak, organ reproduksi yang sehat sangat diperlukan, dimana sekitar 40 kasus infertilitas berasal dari faktor pria. Analisis semen merupakan pemeriksaan rutin untuk menganalisa status kesehatan sistem reproduksi pria menggunakan referensi dari WHO tahun 1999, salah satu faktor penting yang berpengaruh adalah motilitas sperma. Pria dengan asthenozoospermia memiliki nilai abnormal pada beberapa zat yang berkontribusi membangun motilitas cairan sperma, salah satunya adalah Seng, sebuah mikronutrien vital dalam pertumbuhan sel, motilitas, viabilitas, volume, pH, konsentrasi, dan morfologi sperma. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan bahwa konsentrasi Seng dalam cairan semen terbukti memiliki korelasi dengan motilitas, konsentrasi, dan morfologi sperma. Namun adapula beberapa literatur yang menyatakan bahwa kadar seng tidak berkontribusi terhadap infertilitas pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pengaruh konsentrasi seng terhadap pria infertil dengan asthenozoospermia. Dengan demikian, prevalensi infertilitas karena jumlah seng yang tidak memadai dapat dicegah sehingga jumlah infertilitas di Indonesia dapat berkurang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode comparative case-control. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Departemen Biokimia FKUI. Data dan Sampel diambil melalui proses masturbasi dan didapatkan dari RSIA Sayyidah. Adapun jumlah sampel adalah lima belas 15 untuk asthenozoospermia, dan dua puluh 20 sampel untuk normozoospermia. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Seng pada semen plasma diketahui tidak berhubungan dengan asthenozoospermia pada pria infertil. Hasil dari kedua kategori, asthenozoospermia dan normozoospermia tidak menunjukan perbedaan bermakna yang signifikan.

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ABSTRACTAbstract To reproduce and have children is one of the main objectives of married couple. To breed and produce children, having a healthy reproductive organ is required, where about 40 cases of infertility come from male factors. Seminal plasma analysis is a rouine examination to analyze male reproduction health status using the reference value from WHO 1999, one of the important factor is sperm motility. Males with asthenozoospermia has abormal value of several substances that build sperm motility, one of them is Zinc, a vital micronutrient in cell growth, mobility, viability, volume, pH, concentration, and morphology.Several studies stated that Zinc concentration in seminal fluid is proven to have strong correlation with male infertility. In contrast, there are also some literatures stated that zinc concentration and male infertily has has no correlation. This study aimed to find the correlation between seminal plasma Zinc concentration and asthenozoospermia in infertile males. This research project used comparative case control method. Data an sample were taken from RSIA Sayyidah through masturbation process. Then the data was analysed in Biochemistry Laboratory FKUI. As a result, fifteen asthenozoospermic semen plasma and twenty normozoospermic semen plasma are included in this project. Based on the statistical analysis, zinc was not shown to have any association with asthenozoospermia in infertile men. Both groups, the asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic sampples do not show any significant difference."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Tinggi badan/ perawakan tubuh merupakan parameter penting tingkat kesejahteraan suatu populasi. Perawakan tubuh dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, endokrin dan lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan yang saat ini paling sering ditemukan adalah faktor nutrisi. Populasi pigmi adalah suatu populasi terisolasi yang seluruh anggotanya pendek dan ditemukan di berbagai belahan dunia termasuk Indonesia, yaitu di Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur yang disebut komunitas pigmi Rampasasa. Sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang dapat menemukan penyebab perawakan pendek komunitas pigmi tersebut.Tujuan: Mengetahui profil antropometri manusia pigmi Rampasasa dan mencari berbagai faktor (genetik, endokrin, dan nutrisi) yang berperan dalam perawakan pendek komunitas pigmi tersebut sehingga diharapkan dapat berkontribusi dalam tatalaksana perawakan pendek pada umumnya.Metode: Penelitian merupakan studi deskriptif analitik yang dilakukan pada periode Desember 2011-April 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang untuk mengetahui profil genetik dan non genetik (endokrin dan nutrisi) yang berperan dalam perawakan pendek manusia pigmi Rampasasa. Dilakukan pengukuran antropometri pada subjek dan pengambilan sampel darah. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji ANOVA yang dilanjutkan dengan post hoc analysis. Analisis genetik dilakukan dengan mengirimkan isolasi DNA ke Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis (LDGA), Leiden, Belanda.Hasil: Didapatkan data dari 58 subjek yang dikelompokkan menjadi pigmi murni (n=8), pigmi campuran (n=40), dan non pigmi (n=10). Seluruh subjek memiliki proposi tubuh yang normal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna untuk status nutrisi antara ketiga kelompok, yang dinyatakan dengan kadar kalsium (p=0,19), vitamin D (p=0,96), dan hemoglobin (p=0,147). Namun didapatkan perbedaan bermakna untuk kadar hormon IGF-1 antara ketiga kelompok (p=0,037), yang setelah dilakukan analisis posthoc menunjukkan perbedaan hanya pada kelompok non pigmi vs. pigmi murni (p=0,012). Kadar hormon IGFBP-3 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara ketiga kelompok (p=0,772). Analisis DNA menggunakan SNP array mengidentifikasi 10 regio homozigot pada sampel pigmi yang tidak didapatkan pada kontrol.Simpulan: Perawakan pendek manusia pigmi Rampasasa memiliki proporsi tubuh yang normal. Faktor nutrisi tidak berhubungan dengan perawakan pendek komunitas pigmi Rampasasa. Faktor hormonal tidak dapat menjelaskan perawakan pendek populasi tersebut. Temuan regio homozigot mengindikasikan pengaruh faktor genetik meskipun kandidat gen belum dapat diidentifikasi.;

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ABSTRACTBackground: Height / stature of the body is an important parameter of one?s population wellbeing. Height is influenced by genetic, endocrine and environmental factors. Nutritional factor is one of the most common environmental factors found. Pygmy population is an isolated population whose all members have short stature. They are found in various parts of the world including Indonesia, namely Rampasasa pygmies community in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Up until this date, there are no studies about the etiology of Rampasasa pygmies short stature.Objective: To learn about anthrophometric profiles in Rampasasa Pygmies and factors involved in the short stature of that pygmy community, as a contribution to the management of short stature in general, as well as to provide scientific asset about Rampasasa pygmies.Keywords: calsium, genetic factors, height, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, nutrition, Rampasasa pygmies, short stature, vitamin D.Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study conducted from December 2011 toApril 2014. This study used a cross-sectional design to determine the genetic and non-genetic profile (endocrine and nutrition) that play role in Rampasasa pygmies shortstature. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were performed. Statisticalanalysis was performed by using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis. Geneticanalysis is done by sending DNA isolation to Laboratory for Diagnostic GenomeAnalysis (LDGA), Leiden, The Netherlands.Results: Data obtained from 58 subjects were grouped into pure pygmies (n = 8), mixedpygmy (n = 40), and non- pygmies (n = 10). All subjects had normal body proportions.There were no significant difference in nutritional status between three groups, which isexpressed by calcium level (p = 0.19) , vitamin D (p = 0.96), and hemoglobin (p = 0.147).Significant difference of IGF-1 hormone were found between the three groups (p =0.037), which after posthoc analysis showed differences only between non-pygmies vs.pure pygmies (p = 0.012). IGFBP-3 hormone level showed no significant differenceamong the three groups (p = 0.772). We obtained evidence of homozygous regions inDNA analysis using SNP arrays method, which are not found in control group.Conclusion: Rampasasa pygmies have short stature with normal body proportion.Nutritional factors are not associated with short stature of Rampasasa pygmycommunities. Hormonal factors can not explain the cause of the population short stature.The discovery of homozygous regions indicates the role of genetic cause even thoughthere were no specific genes to be identified in this study.;Background: Height / stature of the body is an important parameter of one?s population wellbeing. Height is influenced by genetic, endocrine and environmental factors. Nutritional factor is one of the most common environmental factors found. Pygmy population is an isolated population whose all members have short stature. They are found in various parts of the world including Indonesia, namely Rampasasa pygmies community in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Up until this date, there are no studies about the etiology of Rampasasa pygmies short stature.Objective: To learn about anthrophometric profiles in Rampasasa Pygmies and factors involved in the short stature of that pygmy community, as a contribution to the management of short stature in general, as well as to provide scientific asset about Rampasasa pygmies.Keywords: calsium, genetic factors, height, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, nutrition, Rampasasa pygmies, short stature, vitamin D.Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study conducted from December 2011 toApril 2014. This study used a cross-sectional design to determine the genetic and non-genetic profile (endocrine and nutrition) that play role in Rampasasa pygmies shortstature. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were performed. Statisticalanalysis was performed by using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis. Geneticanalysis is done by sending DNA isolation to Laboratory for Diagnostic GenomeAnalysis (LDGA), Leiden, The Netherlands.Results: Data obtained from 58 subjects were grouped into pure pygmies (n = 8), mixedpygmy (n = 40), and non- pygmies (n = 10). All subjects had normal body proportions.There were no significant difference in nutritional status between three groups, which isexpressed by calcium level (p = 0.19) , vitamin D (p = 0.96), and hemoglobin (p = 0.147).Significant difference of IGF-1 hormone were found between the three groups (p =0.037), which after posthoc analysis showed differences only between non-pygmies vs.pure pygmies (p = 0.012). IGFBP-3 hormone level showed no significant differenceamong the three groups (p = 0.772). We obtained evidence of homozygous regions inDNA analysis using SNP arrays method, which are not found in control group.Conclusion: Rampasasa pygmies have short stature with normal body proportion.Nutritional factors are not associated with short stature of Rampasasa pygmycommunities. Hormonal factors can not explain the cause of the population short stature.The discovery of homozygous regions indicates the role of genetic cause even thoughthere were no specific genes to be identified in this study., Background: Height / stature of the body is an important parameter of one’s population wellbeing. Height is influenced by genetic, endocrine and environmental factors. Nutritional factor is one of the most common environmental factors found. Pygmy population is an isolated population whose all members have short stature. They are found in various parts of the world including Indonesia, namely Rampasasa pygmies community in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara. Up until this date, there are no studies about the etiology of Rampasasa pygmies short stature.Objective: To learn about anthrophometric profiles in Rampasasa Pygmies and factors involved in the short stature of that pygmy community, as a contribution to the management of short stature in general, as well as to provide scientific asset about Rampasasa pygmies.Keywords: calsium, genetic factors, height, IGFBP-3, IGF-I, nutrition, Rampasasa pygmies, short stature, vitamin D.Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic study conducted from December 2011 toApril 2014. This study used a cross-sectional design to determine the genetic and non-genetic profile (endocrine and nutrition) that play role in Rampasasa pygmies shortstature. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were performed. Statisticalanalysis was performed by using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis. Geneticanalysis is done by sending DNA isolation to Laboratory for Diagnostic GenomeAnalysis (LDGA), Leiden, The Netherlands.Results: Data obtained from 58 subjects were grouped into pure pygmies (n = 8), mixedpygmy (n = 40), and non- pygmies (n = 10). All subjects had normal body proportions.There were no significant difference in nutritional status between three groups, which isexpressed by calcium level (p = 0.19) , vitamin D (p = 0.96), and hemoglobin (p = 0.147).Significant difference of IGF-1 hormone were found between the three groups (p =0.037), which after posthoc analysis showed differences only between non-pygmies vs.pure pygmies (p = 0.012). IGFBP-3 hormone level showed no significant differenceamong the three groups (p = 0.772). We obtained evidence of homozygous regions inDNA analysis using SNP arrays method, which are not found in control group.Conclusion: Rampasasa pygmies have short stature with normal body proportion.Nutritional factors are not associated with short stature of Rampasasa pygmycommunities. Hormonal factors can not explain the cause of the population short stature.The discovery of homozygous regions indicates the role of genetic cause even thoughthere were no specific genes to be identified in this study.]"