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"Molahidatidosa merupakan kehamilan yang abnormal yang pada pemeriksaan histopatologi ditandai dengan proliferasi sel sitotrofoblas, sinsitiotrofoblas, dan intermediate trofoblas. Vitamin A mengontrol proliferasi sel, dan penurunan kadar vitamin A menyebabkan proliferasi tidak terkontrol. Sampai saat ini, belum diketahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara defisiensi vitamin A dengan molahidatidosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan keberadaan reseptor retinol binding protein (RBP) pada sel trofoblas molahidatidosa, sehingga dapat menjelaskan hubungan vitamin A dengan molahidatidosa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriftif. Spesimen penelitian adalah blok parafin molahidatidosa tahun 2005. Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan teknik imunohistokimia tidak langsung. Dilakukan pemeriksaan sebaran sel yang berekspresi, kekuatan ekspresi dan letak ekspresi reseptor RBP. Terdapat 21 spesimen dengan sebaran ekspresi reseptor RBP pada sel trofoblas molahidatidosa antara sedang sampai padat. Ekspresi reseptor RBP pada sel sinsitiotrofoblas lebih kuat jika dibandingkan dengan sel sitotrofoblas. Ekspresi reseptor RBP dijumpai pada membran sel dan sitoplasma.

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Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal pregnancy characterized by the proliferation of cytotrophoblastic, syncytiotrophoblastic, and intermediate trophoblastic cells in histological specimens. Vitamin A plays a role in controlling cell proliferation, and decrease in vitamin A level will cause an uncontrollable proliferation. To date, it is not known whether there is a relationship between vitamin A deficiency and hydatidiform mole. This study aimed to demonstrate the presence of retinol binding protein (RBP) receptors in the hydatidiform mole trophoblastic cells, that would provide explanation on the relationship of vitamin A and hydatidiform mole. The study was a descriptive study. The specimens of the study were paraffin blocks of hydatidiform mole made in 2005, and the examinations were performed by indirect immunohistochemistry. We examined the distribution of the cells showing expression of RBP receptor, the strength of expression, and location of the expression. As many as 21 specimens were collected, and the distributions of RBP receptor expression in hydatidiform mole trophoblastic cells ranged from moderate to dense. The expression in syncytiotrophoblastic cells was stronger than that in cytotrophoblastic cells. Furthermore, the expressions were found in the cell membranes and cytoplasm."

"Malnutrisi sering ditemukan pada anak dengan pasca pembedahan dan berhubungan dengan luaran sepsis atau infeksi luka operasi. Penelitian observasional analitik ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh malnutrisi terhadap luaran pasien pasca pembedahan dengan mengukur penurunan kadar RBP pada hari pertama dan kelima pasca pembedahan. Dilakukan pengukuran kadar RBP, kortisol, CRP pada hari pertama dan kelima pasca pembedahan, luaran infeksi dinilai berdasarkan skor ASEPSIS. Hasil penelitiaan ini menunjukkan penurunan RBP, peningkatan CRP, usia dan skor ASA berturut-turut memberikan risiko 4,4;3,3;1,2 dan 1,3 kali terjadinya infeksi luka operasi pada pasien pasca pembedahan mayor, namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna.

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Malnutrition is often found in children with post-surgery and associated with poor outcomes such as sepsis or surgical wound infections. This analytic observational study aims to determine the effects of malnutrition on the outcomes of patients after surgery by measuring the decrease in Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) levels on the first and fifth day post-surgery. We measured levels of RBP, cortisol, CRP in the first and fifth day post-surgery and infection outcomes were evaluated according to ASEPSIS score. The results of this study showed a decrease in RBP, an increase in CRP, age and ASA score consecutively provide risk 4.4; 3.3, 1.2 and 1.3 times for occurrence of surgical wound infections in patients after major surgery, but there were no statistically differences."

"Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai korelasi antara rasio retinol/RBP4 dan resistin dengan inflamasi (diwakili oleh hsCRP) pada pria obese non-diabetes di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian dilakukan secara potong lintang pada 125 subjek. Parameter yang diukur adalah retinol, RBP4, resistin, dan hsCRP. Uji korelasi dilakukan antara retinol, RBP4, resistin, hsCRP dan rasio Retinol/RBP4. Rasio retinol/RBP4 dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu rasio tinggi (>0,9) dan rasio rendah (≤0,9). Cut off hsCRP ditentukan: <1 mg/l menandakan risiko inflamasi rendah, 1-3 mg/l risiko inflamasi sedang, dan 3-10 mg/l risiko inflamasi tinggi (terkait dengan risiko PJK). Kemudian dilakukan uji tabulasi silang untuk melihat kecenderungan tingkat inflamasi pada subjek yang dapat digambarkan oleh rasio retinol/RBP4 dan resistin. Hasil Retinol ditemukan berkorelasi kuat dengan RBP4 (r=0,53; p<0,01) dan resistin. Ditemukan korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara resistin dan rasio retinol/RBP4 terhadap hsCRP, Pada kelompok rasio tinggi, ditemukan 17,6% subjek dengan risiko inflamasi rendah, 26,4% risiko inflamasi sedang dan 20,8% risiko inflamasi tinggi. Pada kelompok dengan rasio rendah ditemukan 8% subjek dengan risiko inflamasi rendah, 20% risiko inflamasi sedang dan 7,2% risiko inflamasi tinggi. Kombinasi antara rasio retinol/RBP4 dan resistin menunjukkan 12% dari jumlah subjek kelompok ?rasio tinggi dan resistin rendah? memiliki risiko inflamasi rendah, dan 8% memiliki risiko inflamasi tinggi, sementara pada kelompok ?rasio rendah resistin tinggi? ditemukan 3,2% subjek memiliki risiko inflamasi rendah dan 13,6% subjek memiliki risiko inflamasi tinggi. Kesimpulan Kombinasi parameter rasio retinol/RBP4 dengan resistin memberikan gambaran yang lebih baik mengenai risiko inflamasi pada subjek obese non-diabetes dibandingkan dengan parameter rasio saja.

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AbstractAim To verify the correlation between Retinol/RBP4 Ratio, and resistin with inflammation (represented by hsCRP) in non-diabetic obese Indonesian men Methods This was a cross sectional study using 125 subjects. Measured parameters were retinol, RBP4, resistin, and hsCRP. Correlation between retinol, RBP4, resistin, hsCRP and Retinol/RBP4 Ratio was calculated. Cut off point of hsCRP were classiied as follows: <1 mg/l for low risk of inflammation, 1-3 mg/l for moderate risk, and 3-10 mg/l for high risk (according to CVD risk). The Retinol/RBP4 ratio was dichotomized into high (>0.9) and low ratio (≤0.9). The cross tabulation test was performed to predict the inflammation trends described by Retinol/RBP4 Ratio and resistin. Results Retinol was found strongly correlated with RBP4 and resistin (r=0.53; p<0.01). A positive but not significant correlation was found between resistin and Retinol/RBP4 Ratio with hsCRP. In high ratio group, 17.6% subjects were found with low risk inflammation, 26.4% with moderate risk, and 20.8% with high risk, in low ratio group, 8% subjects were low risk inflammation, 20% moderate risk, and 7.2% high risk. Combination between ratio and resistin showed that in ?high ratio and low resistin? group, 12% subjects have low risk of inflammation and 8% have high risk. Meanwhile in ?low ratio and high resistin? group, 3.2% subjects were found having low risk and 13.6% high risk of inflammation. Conclusions Combination between Retinol/RBP4 Ratio and resistin showed better description about the inflammation risk in non-diabetic obese subjects compare to the ratio itself."

"Penelitian longitudinal prospektif analitik untuk menilai ketepatan prediksi timbulnya penyakit trofoblas ganas melalui sistem penilaian prognosis mola hidatidosa yang dikembangkan oleh NETDC (New England Trophoblast Disease Center) telah dilakukan. Di antara parameter faktor risiko yang dinilai; usia penderita, jenis mola hidatidosa, pembesaran uterus, kadar hCG serum, kista lutein, serta ada-tidaknya komplikasi merupakan factor risiko yang bermakna untuk timbulnya keganasan setelah mola hidatidosa dievakuasi (p=0,032). Penelitian dilakukan pada 50 penderita mola hidatidosa dengan pengamatan lanjutan selama 1 tahun (Januari 2001-Desember 2002) di Bagian Obstetri dan Ginekologi RS Mohammad Hoesin, Palembang. Hasilnya menunjukan prediksi keganasan skor NETDC 50% pada risiko tinggi dan 10% risiko rendah untuk berkembang menjadi ganas (p<0,05). Hasil ini lebih besar dibandingkan dengan nilai yang diajukan WHO yaitu 19-30%. Risiko untuk terjadinya keganasan pasca mola hidatidosa pada kelompok risiko tinggi ialah 9,0 kali lebih tinggi disbanding pada kelompok risiko rendah (CI: 1,769-45,786). (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 40-6)

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A prospective longitudinal analytic study assessing the efficacy of NETDC (New England Trophoblastic Disease Center) prognostic index score in predicting malignancy after hydatidiform mole had been performed. Of the parameter evaluated; age of patients, type of hydatidiform mole, uterine enlargement, serum hCG level, lutein cyst, and presence of complicating factors were significant risk factors for malignancy after hydatidiform mole were evacuated (p<0.032). The study were done on 50 women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole with 1 year observation (January 2001-December 2002) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. The results showed that the NETDC prognostic index score predicted malignancy in 50% of high risk group and 10% in low risk group (p<0.05). This showed a higher number than that found by the WHO (19%-30%). The risk for incidence of malignancy after hydatidiform mole in the high risk group is 9.0 times higher compared to that of the low risk group (CI: 1.769-45.786). (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 40-6)"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Zoonosis malaria telah menjadi perhatian komunitas kesehatan dunia setelah adanya laporan kasus di Sarawak pada tahun 2004. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh parasit malaria satwa primata Plasmodium knowlesi dengan inang alami Macaca fascicularis dan M. nemestrina. Baku emas diagnosis parasit malaria masih berdasarkan pada identifikasi mikroskopik. Selain membutuhkan keahlian yang tinggi, teknik ini terkadang sulit menentukan spesies parasit bila terjadi infeksi campuran dan parasitemia yang sangat rendah. Belakangan diusulkan DNA barcoding, suatu metode identifikasi menggunakan penanda gen sitokrom c oksidase subunit I COI DNA mitokondria untuk spesiasi. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode identifikasi spesies parasit menggunakan gen COI sebagai penanda molekul dan mengungkap dasar molekul transmisi zoonosis parasit malaria dengan mempelajari peran gen penyandi protein DARC Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines dan DBP Duffy Binding Protein yang berhubungan dengan invasi sel darah merah.Metode: Verifikasi potensi barcode COI sebagai penanda identifikasi spesies parasit malaria dilakukan dengan studi in-silico, sedangkan validasi penggunaan barcode COI dilakukan dengan analisis sensitivitas dan spesifisitas. Teknologi molekuler PCR-Sequencing dilakukan untuk mengaplikasikan barcode COI pada penapisan parasit malaria di populasi manusia dan satwa primata, serta identifikasi variasi genetik gen penyandi protein DARC dan DBP terutama pada daerah pengikatan ligan parasit dan reseptor inang.Hasil: Studi in-silico menunjukkan bahwa DNA barcoding berpotensi sebagai penanda identifikasi parasit malaria. Primer yang dirancang mengamplifikasi daerah COI sepanjang 670 pb berhasil mengidentifikasi parasit malaria dengan sensitivitas 1 ndash; 3 parasit/ l. Pada penapisan parasit malaria di populasi manusia di Kalimantan Tengah ditemukan 3,34 78/2309 kasus malaria, di mana dua diantaranya adalah kasus malaria knowlesi, yang secara statistik berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan mikroskopik 2,82 dan 18S rRNA 1,82 . Pada daerah yang sama, penapisan parasit malaria di populasi satwa primata, ditemukan 52,01 168/323 sampel orangutan dan 23,25 10/43 sampel monyet Macaca positif malaria. Spesies parasit yang ditemukan pada orangutan adalah P. species tipe parasit ovale, P. species tipe vivax-cynomolgi, P. species tipe vivax-hylobati dan P. species tipe malariae-inui, sedangkan pada monyet Macaca meliputi P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. inui, juga P. spesies tipe malariae-inui, spesies parasit yang sama ditemukan di orangutan. Studi ini juga menemukan keanekaragaman genetik pada gen penyandi protein Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines manusia maupun satwa primata dan Duffy Binding Protein parasit malaria yang memainkan peran penting dalam invasi parasit malaria.Kesimpulan: Barcode COI dapat secara spesifik dan sensitif mengidentifikasi spesies parasit malaria dan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai alat identifikasi zoonosis malaria. Terdapat variasi genetik gen penyandi protein Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines dan Duffy Binding Protein yang berhubungan dengan invasi sel darah merah.

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ABSTRACTBackground Zoonotic case of malaria had just come to the attention of public health communities after the Sarawak study in 2004. Zoonotic malaria is caused by Plasmodium knowlesi, primarily a simian malaria parasite in wild long tail macaque Macaca fascicularis and pig tail macaque M. nemestrina as the reservoir hosts. The diagnosis of malaria parasites has mainly relied on the microscopic examination. However, this method is labor intensive, requires an experienced microscopist and difficult in identifying mixed infections in very low parasitemia cases. Recently, DNA barcoding system, which is based on the PCR amplification of a short and highly conserved region of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase sub unit I COI has shown to be an invaluable tool for diagnosing and differentiating the species of wide range of organisms. This study was aimed to develop identification tools of malaria parasite by using mtDNA COI gene as a molecular marker and reveal the molecular basis of zoonotic malaria by identifying the genetic variation of protein coding gene of DARC Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and DBP Duffy Binding Protein that are related to receptor ligand interaction in red blood cell invasion.Methods In silico study was carried out for verifying the potential of DNA barcoding based on the mtDNA COI gene sequence as a marker identification. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were carried out to validate the use of DNA barcoding for medical diagnosis of parasitic infection. Molecular technology of PCR Sequencing was carried out for screening malaria parasit in human and non human primate population and identifying the genetic variation within protein coding gene of DARC and DBP. Results We have initiated a study to explore the use of DNA barcoding for malaria parasite diagnosis through in silico study. We have thus designed primers spanning a 670 bp fragment of the 5 rsquo region of COI gene that could detect parasite isolates as low as 1 3 parasite per l. DNA barcode was used to detect malaria parasite in human population in Central Kalimantan. Of the 2309 subjects, 78 3.34 subjects were malaria positive of which two samples were determined as P. knowlesi infection. The detection rate of COI barcode was significantly higher as compared to microscopic 2.82 and 18S rRNA 1.82 analyses. Of the 366 non human primate samples that include 323 orangutan and 43 macaque 168 orangutan were found to be positive for either P. species ovale type, P. species vivax cynomolgi type, P. species vivax hylobati type and P. species malariae inui type. In macaque, 10 samples were positive for P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. species malariae inui type similar to that found in orangutan. The study has also found genetic variation in both human and non human primates Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and malaria parasite Duffy Binding Protein.Conclusions The study showed that mtDNA COI can be used to diagnose malaria parasites at very low parasitemia level and applied as a diagnosis tool for identification of zoonotic malaria. There is genetic variation in both human and non human primates Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines and malaria parasite Duffy Binding Protein as major determinants for the invasion of malaria parasite."

"[Integrasi teori model need for help Wiedenbach dengan self care Orem pada asuhan keperawatan pasien dengan mola hidatidosa menjadi kerangka kerja praktik Residensi keperawatan maternitas selama satu tahun. Laporan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada kehamilan normal dan resiko tinggi, perempuan yang mengalami masalah reproduksi, dan ginekologi pada tatanan klinik atau komunitas. Hasil Residensi menunjukan bahwa kedua model tersebut efektif dan efesien dalam membantu mengatasi permasalahan pasien dengan mola hidatidosa. Pencapaian kompetensi Perawat Spesialis Maternitas dilakukan melalui penerapan peran Perawat secara komprehensif., Integration theory models Wiedenbach need for help with self-care Orem on nursing care of patients with hydatidiform mole into the framework of maternity nursing practice residency for one year. This report aims to provide an overview of nursing care in the normal and high-risk pregnancy, women who have reproductive problems, and gynecology at the clinic or community order. Residency results showed that both models are effective and efficient in helping to overcome the problems of patients with hydatidiform mole. Achievement of competence Specialist Nurse Maternity Nurse role is done through the implementation of a comprehensive manner.]"

"Golongan usia anak merupakan golongan usia yang paling ringan terdampak infeksi COVID-19. Salah satu kemungkinan penyebab keadaan tersebut adalah perlindungan dari efek nonspesifik vaksinasi rutin yang diterima anak sebelumnya. Vaksinasi rutin yang diterima anak dapat memodulasi sistem imun anak terhadap infeksi lain di luar target imunisasi yang dituju melalui mekanisme imunitas heterolog. Bukti-bukti penelitian terdahulu menimbulkan hipotesis antigen vaksin DTP berpotensi menimbulkan imunitas heterolog dengan SARS-CoV-2. Hal ini berdasarkan kemiripan epitop antara antigen SARS-CoV-2 dengan antigen pada vaksin DTP. Belum diketahui bagaimana pengaruh vaksinasi DT booster terhadap respons imun (antibodi S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 dan IFN-ɤ-sel T spesifik SARS-CoV-2) pascavaksinasi COVID-19 inaktif pada anak usia 6–7 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian vaksinasi DT booster pada anak yang mendapat vaksinasi COVID-19 inaktif terhadap respons imun humoral dan selular anak.Studi potong lintang dilakukan dengan didahului tahapan pengambilan data pada orang tua subjek penelitian di wilayah Senen, Jakarta Pusat. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara luring kepada orang tua melalui guru sekolah anaknya. Dari kuesioner didapatkan data status vaksinasi anak, yang dibedakan dalam 4 kelompok yaitu COVID+/DT+, COVID+/DT–, COVID–/DT+ dan COVID–/DT–, dan diukur antibodi S-RBD, IFN-ɤ-sel T spesifik SARS-CoV-2 dan IgG antidifteri.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 113 dari 154 subjek penelitian (73,4%) telah memiliki status relative immune terhadap difteri, dengan hasil IgG antidifteri > 0,1 IU/mL. Terdapat imunitas heterolog vaksinasi DT booster terhadap COVID-19 dengan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar antibodi S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 antara anak yang sudah mendapat vaksin DT booster dibanding yang belum (1182 U/mL vs. 612,5 U/mL, p = 0,026), dan perbedaan bermakna IFN-ɤ-sel T spesifik SARS-CoV-2 pada anak COVID+/DT+ dibanding COVID+/DT– (560,87 mIU/mL vs. 318,03 mIU/mL, p = 0,03). Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara IgG antidifteri dan S-RBD SARS-CoV-2. Selain hasil penelitian data laboratorium, didapatkan pula data keinginan orang tua untuk vaksinasi COVID-19 bagi anaknya adalah sebesar 69,7%.Disimpulkan vaksin DT booster dapat berperan menguatkan respons imun spesifik SARS-CoV-2 pada anak yang menerima vaksin COVID-19 inaktif.

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Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children tends to be mild. A possible cause is existing protection from the routine vaccination previously received by children. Routine vaccinations can modulate the child's immune system against other pathogen, presumably through a mechanism of heterologous immunity. Previous research had suggested that the Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) vaccine antigen has potential to incite heterologous immunity towards SARS-CoV-2, due to similarities between SARS-CoV-2 epitopes and various epitopes found within the DTP vaccine. It was not known whether the Diphtheria-Tetanus (DT) vaccination could modulate the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response among children aged 6–7 years who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

This study thus aimed to assess the impact of DT booster immunization in SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses among children who received two doses of CoronaVac.

A cross-sectional study was performed on children aged 6–7 years old in the Senen area, Central Jakarta. This study was started with data collection from parents of eligible subjects using questionnaire that was distributed to parents via their children’ school teachers. Based on the collected demographic data and the child's vaccination status, eligible subjects were further screened. The participating subjects were subsequently classified into 4 groups, i.e., COVID+/DT+, COVID+/DT-, COVID-/DT+ and COVID-/DT-. Blood collections were performed to determine anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies, anti-S-RBD antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell-produced IFN-ɤ.

The results showed that 113 of 154 subjects (73.4%) had relative immune-status against diphtheria as the result of the anti–diphtheria toxoid antibodies was > 0.1 IU/mL. There was a heterologous immunity of DT booster and COVID-19 vaccine, as there was significant difference in anti-S-RBD antibody titers between the group with DT booster compared to non-DT booster (1182 U/mL vs. 612.5 U/mL, p = 0.026), and a significant difference in IFN-ɤ concentration between the group of COVID+/DT+ and COVID+/DT- (560.87 mIU/mL vs. 318.03 mIU/mL, p = 0.03). No correlation was found between anti-diphtheria and anti-S-RBD antibodies. In addition, our data indicated that parental intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in the Senen area was 69.7%.

In conclusion, our results suggested that DT booster vaccine might able to enhance SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses among children who received inactivated COVID-19 vaccine."

" adalah salah satu penyebab penurunan performa fisik pada seseorang yang melakukan program latihan fisik jangka panjang. Kondisi overtraining dihubungkan dengan gangguan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) adalah protein yang menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan proliferasi sel. IGF-I bekerja dalam regulasi aksis GH/IGF, dimana kerja IGF dipengaruhi oleh growth hormone (GH) dan insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons tubuh terhadap latihan fisik aerobik overtraining dengan menganalisa kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3, mengingat hormon dan protein ini berperan dalam regenerasi sel tubuh, khususnya otot rangka. Subjek penelitian adalah 19 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar (berusia 8-10 minggu, berat 150-250 gr) yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (satu kelompok kontrol dan dua kelompok yaitu kelompok aerobik dan kelompok aerobik overtraining yang diberikan perlakuan masing-masing selama 11 minggu). Perlakuan latihan fisik aerobik dan aerobik overtraining dilakukan dengan Animal treadmill L-6000 sebanyak lima hari dalam seminggu. Setelah hari terakhir perlakuan, seluruh hewan coba dikorbankan. Serum darah diambil dengan cara pungsi jantung. Kadar GH, IGF-I, dan IGFBP-3 dalam serum diukur dengan metode ELISA dan data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan one way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc. Hasil pemeriksaan ELISA menunjukkan kadar IGFBP-3 yang lebih rendah secara signifikan pada kelompok aerobik overtraining dibandingkan dengan kelompok aerobik, sementara tidak ada perbedaan kadar GH dan IGF-I pada ketiga kelompok. Kadar IGFBP-3 dalam serum dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai penanda biologis kondisi overtraining.

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Overtraining is one of the causes of decline in physical performance in long-term physical exercise program. Overtraining is associated with impaired regeneration of body cells. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a stimulator of cell growth and proliferation. IGF act based on the GH/IGF axis, which mean IGF-I act is regulated by growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). This study purpose is to determine the body's response to aerobic overtraining exercise by analyzing the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as those hormone and proteins play a role in the regeneration of body cells, especially skeletal muscle cells. Subjects were 19 white male rats of the Wistar strain (8-10 weeks old, weight: 150-250 g) were divided into 3 groups (one control group and two groups of aerobic and aerobic overtraining group both were given treatment for 11 weeks). Aerobic exercise and aerobic overtraining exercise treatment were conducted five days a week using Animal treadmill L-6000. After the last day of treatment, all experimental animals were sacrificed. Blood serum collected by cardiac puncture. Levels of GH, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in serum were measured by ELISA. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. ELISA results showed significant lower levels of IGFBP-3 in aerobic overtraining group compared to the aerobic group, while there was no difference in the levels of GH and IGF-I in all groups. IGFBP-3 levels in the serum may be a suitable as biological markers for overtraining condition."