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"Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) merupakan masalah psikologis pada ibu hamil yang cukup tinggi dan lebih banyak terjadi pada trimester pertengahan-akhir kehamilan. Tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil dengan kelainan kongenital. Ibu hamil mengalami kecemasan yang tinggi setelah didiagnosis adanya kelainan kongenital. Teori Neuman System Model membantu melihat kebutuhan fisiologis, psikologis, sosialkultural, perkembangan, dan spiritual ibu hamil yang memiliki kehamilan dengan kelainan kongenital. Kombinasi dengan teori Peplau Interpersonal Relations dapat meningkatkan hubungan interpersonal antara perawat-klien. Intervensi pencegahan primer sesuai dengan NSM dimulai dari pencegahan primer dengan penerapan evidence-based nursing practice dengan menggunakan psikometri EDS-3A untuk skirining ansietas ibu hamil. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran penerapan teori Neuman System Model dan Peplau Interpersonal Relations pada asuhan keperawatan ibu hamil yang mengalami Pregnancy-Related Anxiety dengan kelainan kongenital dan penerapan evidence-based nursing practice dalam skrining ansietas pada ibu hamil menggunakan psikometri di layanan rawat jalan. Aplikasi teori diterapkan dengan metode kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus dilakukan pada lima orang ibu hamil yang mengalami PrA di pelayanan rawat jalan dan rawat inap sedangkan skrining ansietas dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah di pelayanan rawat jalan. Hasil studi didapatkan bahwa integrasi teori Neuman System Model dan Peplau Interpersonal Relations dalam proses keperawatan mampu meningkatkan stabilitas klien dalam menghadapi stresor dilihat dari penurunan nilai kecemasan dan peningkatan efikasi diri untuk kesiapan melahirkan. Melalui skrining ansietas dapat diketahui lebih dini ibu hamil yang berisiko untuk mengalami PrA sehingga dapat dilakukan tatalaksana lebih lanjut untuk mencegah dampak negatif bagi ibu hamil dan janinnya.

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Pregnancy-related anxiety (PrA) is a psychological problem in pregnant women that is quite high and occurs more often in the middle to late trimester of pregnancy. The level of anxiety in pregnant women is higher in those with congenital abnormalities. Pregnant women experience high levels of anxiety after they are diagnosed with congenital abnormalities. The Neuman System Model theory helps to examine the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual needs of pregnant women with congenital abnormalities. The combination of Peplau's Interpersonal Relations theory can improve the interpersonal relationships between nurses and clients. Primary prevention interventions in accordance with NSM start with primary prevention by implementing evidence-based nursing practice using EDS-3A psychometrics for anxiety screening in pregnant women. This study aimed to provide an overview of the application of the Neuman System Model and Peplau's Interpersonal Relations theory in nursing care for pregnant women who experience Pregnancy-Related Anxiety with congenital abnormalities and the application of evidence-based nursing practice in screening for anxiety in pregnant women using psychometrics in outpatient services. Theoretical application was applied using a qualitative case study approach. The case study was conducted on five pregnant women who experienced PrA in outpatient and inpatient services, while anxiety screening was performed at RSUD in outpatient services. The study results showed that the integration of the Neuman System Model and Peplau's Interpersonal Relations theory in the nursing process increased the client's stability in dealing with stressors, as seen from the reduction in anxiety scores and increased self-efficacy for childbirth readiness. Through anxiety screening, pregnant women who are at risk of experiencing PrA can be identified early so that further treatment can be carried out to prevent negative impacts on pregnant women and their fetuses."

"Intrauterine growth retardation is still a problem in the world, and the cause are complex and multiple. Deficiency in vitamin A has been associated to low birth weight and intrauterine growth retardation. Nevertheless, the study about transfer of vitamin A from mother to fetus in intruterine growth retarded newborns is scarceThe study report is described in three parts.Part 1. Includes the background of the study, problem statement, rationale of the study, literature reviews, hypothesis, objectives, and variable-indicator matrix. The literature review is focusing on intrauterine growth retardation, and vitamin A in general and in pregnancy, nutrient transfer throug the placenta, as well as nutrition during pregnancy.Part 2. Is the manuscript for publication, which was prepared to be submitted to the Journal of Nutrtion. This study found thaht in a population where the mother do not have vitamin A deficiency, the condition of inadequate vitamin A status in intrauterine growth retarded newborns caused by problem in the transfer of the nutrient.Part 3. contains questionnaire used in data collection, form used in the placental abnormalities assessment, detailed methodology and result that have not been presented in the manuscript, references and curriculum vitae.With this preliminary research in the transfer of vitamin A, hopefully there will be more further research which can come to a recommendation as how to manage inadequate status of vitamin A in IUGR newborns."

"Pre-eklampsia adalah sekumpulan sindrom klinis khusus kehamilan yang ditandai dengan hipertensi dan proteinuria yang akan berhenti setelah kelahiran sang bayi. Faktor seperti genetik, imunologis, perilaku dan lingkungan terlibat dalam proses patologis pre-eklampsia. Di Indonesia sendiri, hipertensi adalah penyebab utama kedua dari kematian ibu. Berkurangnya konsentrasi Nitric Oxide NO diduga berperan dalam patogenesis pre-eklampsia karena Nitric Oxide NO berfungsi sebagai vasorelaksan dan antikoagulan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui apakah konsentrasi Nitric Oxide sebagai penanda stres oksidatif untuk plasenta dengan pra-eklampsia pada usia 26-40 minggu menurun atau tidak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara cross-sectional pada tahun 2016 dengan sampel jaringan plasenta manusia yang telah disetujui sebelumnya. Absorbansi diukur menggunakan reaksi Griess dan dianalisa dengan uji Mann-Whitney pada software SPSS. Uji Mann-Whitney membuktikan bahwa konsentrasi Nitric Oxide NO pada jaringan plasenta dengan pra-eklampsia akhir n = 12 lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi Nitric Oxide NO yang didapat dari jaringan plasenta kehamilan normal. Uji Mann-Whitney telah mengkonfirmasi hubungan antara konsentrasi Nitric Oxide NO dengan patogenesis preeklampsia. Oleh karena itu, Nitric Oxide NO dapat dianggap sebagai penanda stres oksidatif pada preeklampsia karena berperan penting dalam patogenesis preeklampsia.

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Pre eclampsia PE is a clinical syndrome specific to pregnancy which are distinguished by hypertension and proteinuria that remits after delivery. Many factors such as genetic, environmental, behavioral and immunological factors are involved in the development of PE. In Indonesia itself, hypertension is the second leading cause of of maternal deaths. It is implied that reduced concentration of Nitric Oxide NO will induce the pathogenesis of PE as it can not function as vasorelaxant and anticoagulant factors well. The study aims to identify whether the concentration of Nitric Oxide as an oxidative stress marker for pre eclamptic placenta age 26 40 weeks decrease or not. The cross sectional study was held on 2016 with human placental tissue which have been consented before as the samples. The absorbance was measured using the Griess reaction and analyzed through SPSS Software using the Mann Whitney test. The result showed that the concentration of Nitric Oxide NO in late pre eclamptic placental tissues n 12 were lower compared to the concentration of Nitric Oxide NO taken from placental tissue of normal pregnancy. The Mann Whitney test has confirmed the relation of Nitric Oxide NO concentration to the pathogenesis of pre eclampsia. Therefore, Nitric Oxide NO can be considered as an oxidative stress marker to pre eclampsia as it plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PE."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi BBLR di Indonesia sudah mengalami penurunan sejak tahun 2000 akan tetapi penurunan ini belum mencapai target gizi global. Prevalensi BBLR kembali meningkat di tahun 2019 dan terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya hingga di tahun 2022 prevalensi BBLR mencapai 12,58%. BBLR berpengaruh besar terhadap angka kematian neonatal dan kematian bayi. Di Indonesia, BBLR mejadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat sebab BBLR berkontribusi selama bertahun-tahun sebagai penyebab utama kematian neonatal. Tingginya angka kejadian BBLR akan berpengaruh pada tingginya AKB. BBLR dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan hubungan hipertensi dalam kehamilan pada ibu yang melakukan kunjungan ANC dengan bayi BBLR di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain studi cross sectional dan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah bayi dengan BBLR sedangkan variabel independennya adalah hipertensi dalam kehamilan. Penelitian ini juga memiliki variabel kovariat yang meliputi variabel usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan, tempat tinggal, jumlah kunjungan ANC, riwayat aborsi, suplementasi Fe, status merokok, dan jenis kelamin bayi. Sampel penelitian ini merupakan perempuan berusia 15-49 tahun yang pernah melahirkan dalam 5 tahun terakhir sebelum pelaksaan survei. Data akan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat, dan stratifikasi. Hasil: Diantara ibu yang melakukan kunjungan ANC didapatkan proporsi ibu dengan hipertensi dalam kehamilan yang melahirkan bayi BBLR sebesar 5% sedangkan ibu yang tidak mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilan dan melahirkan bayi BBLR memiliki proporsi sebesar 3,3%. Ibu yang mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilan akan berisiko lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir yang rendah dibanding ibu yang tidak mengalami hipertensi dalam kehamilan (OR=1,54; 95% CI: 1,036-2,304). Penelitian ini juga menemukan terdapat risiko yang lebih tinggi pada ibu berusia ≥35 tahun untuk melahirkan bayi BBLR dibanding ibu pada kelompok usia 20-34 tahun (OR=1,41; 95% CI: 1,053-1,909). Analisis stratifikasi menemukan variabel usia ibu, pendidikan ibu, wilayah tempat tinggal, jumlah kunjungan ANC, riwayat aborsi, suplementasi Fe, status paparan rokok, dan jenis kelamin bayi sebagai variabel confounding terhadap hubungan hipertensi dalam kehamilan pada ibu yang melakukan kunjungan ANC dengan bayi BBLR di Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan hipertensi dalam kehamilan pada ibu yang melakukan kunjungan ANC dengan bayi BBLR.

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Background: The prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in Indonesia has decreased since 2000, but the decreases have not yet reached the global nutritional target. The prevalence of LBW increased again in 2019 and continues to increase every year until 2022 the prevalence of LBW reaches 12.58%. LBW has a major effect on neonatal mortality and infant mortality. In Indonesia, LBW is a public health problem because LBW has contributed for many years as the main cause of neonatal death. The high incidence of LBW will affect the high Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). LBW can be influenced by several factors, one of the factors is hypertension. This study aims to determine the description and relationship of hypertension in pregnancy in mothers who conduct ANC visits with LBW babies in Indonesia.

Methods: This research was conducted using a cross-sectional study design and used secondary data (Basic Health Research data for 2018). The dependent variable in this study was infants with LBW while the independent variable was hypertension in pregnancy. This study also has covariate variables which include mother's age, education level, place of residence, number of ANC visits, history of abortion, Fe supplementation, smoking status, and baby's gender. The sample of this study were women aged 15-49 years who had given birth in the last 5 years prior to the survey. The data will be analyzed by univariate, bivariate and stratification.

Results: Among mothers who did ANC visits, the proportion of mothers with hypertension in pregnancy who gave birth to LBW babies was 5%, while mothers who did not experience hypertension in pregnancy and gave birth to LBW babies had a proportion of 3.3%. Mothers who experience hypertension in pregnancy will have a higher risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight than mothers who do not experience hypertension in pregnancy (OR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.036-2.304). This study also found that there was a higher risk for mothers aged ≥35 years to give birth to LBW babies than mothers in the age group 20-34 years (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.053-1.909). Stratification analysis found the variables of mother's age, mother's education, area of residence, number of ANC visits, history of abortion, Fe supplementation, smoking exposure status, and baby's sex as confounding variables on the relationship between hypertension in pregnancy in mothers who had ANC visits with LBW babies in Indonesia.

Conclusion: This study conclude that there is a relationship between hypertension in pregnancy in mothers who visit ANC with LBW babies."

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Suplementasi tablet tambah darah merupakan salah satu strategi utama untuk meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan anak. Ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah ≥ 90 di tahun 2012 sebesar 32,7% dan pada tahun 2017 sebesar 43,9%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk variasi faktor konsumsi tablet tambah darah ibu hamil ditingkat individu dan tingkat masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel 6.675 ditahun 2012 dan 7.799 ditahun 2017 dari WUS 15-49 tahun yang hamil. Data diperoleh dari Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia dan Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 dan 2017 dengan menggunakan analisis multilevel regresi linear. Hasil analisis multilevel menunjukkan baik ditahun 2012 maupun 2017 variasi lebih besar terjadi ditingkat individu dengan nilai interclass correlation 0,05 (2012) dan 0,04 (2017). Faktor tingkat individu ditahun 2012 usia, Jumlah antenatal care, Usia kehamilan pertama kali kunjungan antenatal care, Pendidikan, Pendidikan Suami dan Kekayaan. Sedangkan di tahun 2017 Jumlah antenatal care, usia kehamilan pertama kali antenatal care, pendidikan suami, kekayaan, internet dan dukungan keluarga. Program pelayanan antenatal care di Indonesia melibatkan anggota keluarga untuk pendamping minum tablet tambah darah pada ibu hamil.

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Iron supplementation is one of the key strategies to improve maternal and child health. Pregnant women who consumed iron supplementation ≥ 90 in 2012 around to 32.7% and in 2017 around to 43.9%. This study aims to vary the factors of consumption iron supplementtaion of pregnant women at the individual level and community level in Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 6,675 in 2012 and 7,799 in 2017 from women of reproductive age 15-49 years who were pregnant. Data obtained from Indonesian Demographic health survey and Indonesian Health Profile in 2012 and 2017 using multilevel analysis.  The results of multilevel analysis showed that both in 2012 and 2017 greater variation occurred at the individual level with interclass correlation values of 0.05 (2012) and 0.04 (2017). Individual level factors in 2012 is age, number of ANCs, age of first pregnancy antenatal care visits, education, husband's Education and wealth. In 2017 is number of antenatal care, age of first pregnancy antenatal care visits, husband's education, wealth, internet and family support. The antenatal care service program in Indonesia involves family members to accompany them to take iron supplementation for pregnant women.

 

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