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"Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah suatu penyakit peradangan kronik folikel pilosebasea dengan gambaran klinis berupa komedo, papul, pustul, nodus, kista, dan jaringan parut. Akne vulgaris merupakan masalah kulit tersering di dunia dan dapat mengenai 85% orang pada kelompok usia 12-24 tahun.2 Walaupun AV bukan merupakan penyakit yang mengancam jiwa serta sebagian besar dapat mengalami resolusi spontan, namun AV dapat menimbulkan gejala sisa berupa jaringan parut yang akan membuat pasien merasa tidak percaya diri, marah, bahkan depresi.Berdasarkan data rekam medis Paliklinik Divisi Dermatologi Kosmetik Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit & Kelamin Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (IKKK RSCM), terdapat kenaikan insidens AV tipe ringan dari 18,11% pada tahun 2003 menjadi 38,26% pada tahun 2004, AV tipe sedang 28,45% tahun 2003 menjadi 50% tahun 2004, dan AV tipe berat dari 4,23% pada tahun 2003 menjadi 9,14% pada tahun 2004.Sampai saat ini etiologi AV belum diketahui.3.7 Beragam faktor diduga sebagai etiologi penyakit ini.8 Akne vulgaris merupakan penyakit multifaktorial yang gambaran klinisnya bergantung pada interaksi banyak faktor.9 Empat faktor kunci yang diduga berperan dalam patogenesis AV adalah hiperproliferasi dan hiperkeratinisasi folikular, peningkatan produksi sebum, proliferasi mikroorganisme serta proses inflamasi.Mikroorganisme yang diduga terlibat dalam patogenesis AV adalah Propionibacterium aches (PA), Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), dan Malassezia furfur (MF). Propionibactenum acnes merupakan mikroorganisme yang paling dominan dan berperan penting menimbulkan inflamasi pada AV dengan menghasilkan enzim dan faktor kemotaktik serta dapat menstimulasi aktivasi komplemen melalui jalur klasik dan alternatif. Proporsi kepositivan kuman PA pada pasien AV tipe sedang dan berat sampai saat ini belum diketahui.Pemberian antibiotik oral bertujuan untuk menurunkan jumlah PA serta menurunkan produksi enzim dan faktor kemotaktik oleh PA, sehingga menurunkan kemungkinan terjadi inflamasi. Antibiotik juga dapat berperan sebagai anti-inflamasi. Antibiotik oral biasanya diberikan pada pasien AV tipe sedang dan berat menurut kiasifikasi yang diadopsi oleh Regional Consensus on Acne Management pada tahun 2003 di Ho Chi Minh City dari artikel yang ditulis Lehmann dkk. (2002). Beberapa antibiotik oral yang digunakan dalam terapi AV adalah tetrasiklin, eritromisin, klindamisin, azitromisin, doksisiklin, minosiklin, siprofloksasin serta kotrimoksasoi."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang dan tujuan. Penggunaan antibiotik pada akne vulgaris (AV) saat ini dihadapi permasalahan resistensi Propionibacterium acnes (PA) dan bakteri lainyang berperan pada AV. Data pola resistensi AVS dan AVB di RS CiptoMangunkusumo (RSCM) tahun 2006 menunjukkan adanya resistensi PA terhadaperitromisin (63,2%), klindamisin (57,9%), dan tetrasiklin (47,4%). Tidak ditemukanPA yang resisten terhadap doksisiklin maupun minosiklin. Penggunaan antibiotikpada AV dapat menyebabkan perubahan pola resistensi sehingga penelitian inibertujuan memberikan data terbaru mengenai pola bakteri dan resistensinya terhadapantibiotik lini pertama pada AVS dan AVB di Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit danKelamin RSCM, yaitu tetrasiklin, doksisiklin, minosiklin, klindamisin daneritromisin. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang.Spesimen untuk kultur dan uji resistensi didapatkan dari ekstraksi komedo tertutupyang selanjutnya dibiakkan secara aerob dan anaerob. Pemeriksaan uji resistensidilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan MIC strip test. Hasil. Dari 91 subjek, bakteri yang ditemukan terdiri atas PA 11,0%, Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE) 50,5%, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) 7,7% dan bakteri lain sebesar40,7% (aerob) dan 19,8% (anaerob). Sebagian kecil PA (10%) resisten terhadaptetrasiklin, klindamisin, dan eritromisin. Tidak ditemukan PA yang resisten terhadapdoksisiklin dan minosiklin. Bakteri SE resisten terhadap eritromisin (65,2%),klindamisin (52,2%), tetrasiklin (32,6%), dan doksisiklin (4,3%). Tidak ditemukanSE yang resisten terhadap minosiklin. Sebagian kecil SA resisten terhadaperitromisin (28,6%), doksisiklin (14,3%) dan klindamisin (14,3%). Tidak ditemukanSA yang resisten terhadap tetrasiklin dan minosiklin. Kesimpulan. Bakteri yang ditemukan pada pasien AVS dan AVB antara lain,Staphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, danStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bakteri paling banyak ditemukan resisten terhadaperitromisin dan ketiga bakteri tersebut seluruhnya masih sensitif terhadap minosiklin. ABSTRACT Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline.;Background and objective: The resistance of Propionibacterium acnes (PA) andother bacteria that implicated in acne vulgaris (AV), has been a problem in AVtherapy. The latest data in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta (2006) showed resistance to erythromycin(63.2%), clindamycin (57.9%) and tetracycline (47.4%), and no resistance todoxycycline and minocycline. The use of antibiotics may cause changes insusceptibility. This study aimed to provide the latest bacterial profile and resistancepattern to first-line antibiotics used in moderate and severe AV: tetracycline,doxycycline, minocycline, clindamycin and erythromycin.Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Specimens were extractedfrom closed comedones and cultured in media for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.Antibiotic resistance was measured quantitatively using MIC strip test.Results: Bacteria were isolated from 91 subjects and consisted of Staphylococcusepidermidis (SE)(50.5%), PA (11.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (SA)(7.7%) and otherbacteria [aerobic (40.7%) and anaerobic (19.8%)]. A small number of PA (10%) wasresistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, and erythromycin but not to doxycycline andminocycline. SE was resistant to erythromycin (65.2%), clindamycin (52.2%),tetracycline (32.6%), and doxycycline (4.3%) but not to minocycline. A smallnumber of SA was resistant to erythromycin (28.6%), doxycycline (14.3%) andclindamycin (14.3%) but not to tetracycline and minocycline.Conclusion: Bacterial profile in moderate and severe acne vulgaris consisted ofStaphylococcus epidermidis 50.5%, Propionibacterium acnes 11.0%, andStaphylococcus aureus 7.7%. Bacteria were commonly resistant to erythromycin, butstill completely sensitive to minocycline."

"Latar belakang: Kuesioner spesifik akne vulgaris AV berbahasa Indonesia yang valid dan reliabel hingga saat ini masih belum ada. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner Acne-Specific Quality of Life berbahasa IndonesIa Acne-QoL-INA pada pasien AV di Indonesia, sehingga dapat mempunyai alat untuk mengubah data subjektif yang didapat dari keluhan pasien menjadi data objektif yang dapat terukur. Metode: Acne-QoL asli berbahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan mengikuti pedoman adaptasi lintas budaya. Acne-QoL-INA diisi oleh 48 pasien AV rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Indonesia. Analisa validitas menggunakan validitas konstruksi, dilakukan dengan menghitung koefisien korelasi setiap pertanyaan dengan skor ranah dan total korelasi Pearson . Konsistensi internal menggunakan Cronbach untuk menganalisa reliabilitas. Hasil: Usia pasien pada penelitian ini adalah 18 tahun hingga 43 tahun, dengan nilai median 24 tahun. Hasil uji validitas Acne-QoL-INA dengan nilai koefisien korelasi setiap pertanyaan dengan skor ranah adalah 0,47-0,922 serta setiap pertanyaan dengan skor total adalah 0,321-0,789. Hasil uji reliabilitas seluruh ranah Acne-QoL-INA diperoleh Cronbach sebesar 0,756. Kesimpulan: Acne-QoL-INA merupakan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien AV di Indonesia.

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Background: Until now, There is stil no specific questionnaire for acne vulgaris AV in Indonesian language that valid and reliable. The aim of this study to assess validity and reliability Acne Specific Quality of Life in Bahasa Indonesia Acne QoL INA with AV patien in Indonesia, so we can have the tools to change the subjective data obtained from the patient 39 s complaints into objective data that can be measurable.

Methods: Original English version Acne QoL was translated to Indonesian language according to cross cultural adaptation guideline. Acne QoL INA was administered by 48 patients with AV patient at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in Indonesia. Validity analysis used construct validity, by using item domain and item total score correlation coefficient Pearson correlation. Internal consistency using Cronbach were used for reliability analysis.

Result: Age of patient in this study range from 18 to 43 years median 24 years. Validity of Acne QoL INA with analysis item domain score correlation coefficient is 0,47 0,922 and item total score correlation coefficient is 0,321 0,789. Reliability of all domain of Acne QoL INA with Cronbach score is 0,756.

Conclusion: Acne QoL INA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of life of AV patients in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit kulit yang ditandai dengan terjadinya sumbatan dan peradangan kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang kadar lipid darah pada pasien AV menunjukkan hasil yang bervariasi. Lipid darah diduga memengaruhi aktivitas kelenjar sebasea. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar lipid darah dan kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV, serta mengetahui korelasi kadar lipid darah dengan kadar sebum kulit wajah. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan terhadap 30 pasien AV non-obesitas, yang terbagi berdasarkan tiga derajat keparahan AV. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dan kadar sebum kulit wajah pada SP. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara kadar sebum dengan derajat keparahan AV r = 0,6689, p = 0,0001 . Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah dengan derajat keparahan AV. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara sebum kulit wajah dengan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, HDL darah. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kadar lipid darah tidak memengaruhi keparahan AV dan kadar sebum, sedangkan peningkatan kadar sebum kulit wajah dapat meningkatkan keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease involving blockage and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Previous studies about blood lipids in acne patients revealed variable results. Blood lipids were considered affecting sebum production.

Objective: To identify the correlation between blood lipids, sebum excretion rate and acne severity. This study also determines the correlation between blood lipids and sebum excretion rate.

Methods: This study was conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta. This was a cross sectional study with total of 30 non obese AV patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AV. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL serum and sebum excretion rate were measured.

Results: The results revealed significant correlation between sebum excretion rate and severity of acne vulgaris r 0,6689, p 0,0001 . There were no correlation between total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, HDL and acne severity. Blood lipids had no correlation with sebum excretion rate.

Conclusion: The results of this study has proven that blood lipids does not affect the severity of acne and sebum excretion rate. While increased sebum secretion would increase acne severity."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit peradangan menahun unit pilosebasea yang bersifat swasirna, ditandai dengan lesi pleomorfik berupa papul, komedo, pustul, dan nodul. Pengobatan AV memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Penyakit menahun dengan waktu pengobatan yang lama, berdampak terhadap kepatuhan pasien. Kepatuhan pengobatan topikal lebih rendah daripada sistemik. Hanya akne vulgaris ringan (AVR) yang diterapi menggunakan obat-obatan topikal saja. Layanan pesan singkat merupakan salah satu cara yang praktis dan efisien dalam upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AV, dengan pertimbangan prevalensi AV lebih banyak pada usia remaja dan dewasa muda yang merupakan pengguna terbanyak layanan tersebut. Dengan layanan ini, diharapkan pasien tidak lupa menggunakan obat topikal pada AVR. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan pesan singkat elektronik terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan AVR.Metode: Studi eksperimen dengan desain randomized controlled trial (RCT) terhadap pasien AVR usia 15-25 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin (IKKK) Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian ini melibatkan 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok intervensi yang mendapat pesan singkat elektronik dan kelompok kontrol. Kedua kelompok diberi pengobatan tretinoin krim 0,05% dan/atau klindamisin gel 1,2% selama 6 minggu.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kepatuhan pengobatan AVR kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi pada minggu kedua (p=0,376) dan keempat (p=0,432). Namun pada minggu keenam, kelompok intervensi secara bermakna lebih patuh daripada kelompok kontrol (p=0,032).Kesimpulan: Pesan singkat elektronik meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AVR terutama pada minggu keenam di Poliklinik IKKK RSCM.

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ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesions consist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires a long duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapy usually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower than systemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic text messaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence to AV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens and young adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service. With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messaging to improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AV patients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the control group. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin 1,2% gel for six weeks.Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapy between both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). The intervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the control group in the sixth week (p = 0.032).Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital., Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.]"

"ABSTRAKPrevalensi kasus jerawat (acne vulgaris) 75-85% pada orang dewasa, terutama pada usia remaja, dan sering menjadi kronis. Etiopatologis jerawat multi-faktorial, antara lain disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif dan pengaruh hormon serta pola makan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) yang mengandung senyawa aktif xanthones dengan aktivitas anti-oksidan, anti-bakteria dan anti-inflamasi, dapat menunjang terapi medis untuk jerawat. Uji klinis dilakukan secara acak, berpembanding dan tersamar ganda selama 3 minggu pada 94 subyek berjerawat ringan dan sedang, berumur 18-30 tahun yang tinggal di asrama agar relatif homogen. Parameter penelitian adalah derajat keparahan jerawat menurut kriteria Lehman dan kadar malondialdehid (MDA) di dalam darah subyek. Perlakuan dengan pemberian 400 mg ekstrak 3 kali sehari, bersamaan terapi standar dengan krim topikal asam retinoat 0,025% pada lesi jerawat di wajah pada malam hari. Keparahan jerawat berkurang tidak bermakna (p > 0.2) dan penurunan kadar MDA dalam plasma darah tidak bermakna (p = 0.49).

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence of acne (acne vulgaris) is 75-85% in adults, especially in adolescence, and often becomes chronic. Etiopatology of acne is multi-factorial, partly due to the oxidative stress and the influence of hormones and diet. The purpose of this study is to prove that the ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L) containing xanthones with properties of anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory, can support medical therapy for acne. A randomized, double-blind and controlled clinical trial done for 3 weeks in 94 subjects with mild and moderate acne, aged 18-30 years living in a dorm which is relatively homogeneous. Parameters of the study are the degree of severity of acne according to Lehman criteria and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood of the subjects. Intervention by administering 400 mg extract 3 times a day, along with standard therapy with topical cream of 0.025% retinoic acid applied in acne lesions on the face at night. Improvement of acne severity was not significant (p > 0.2) and decreased levels of MDA in blood plasma was not significant (p = 0.49)."

"Latar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris AV merupakan inflamasi kronik pada unit pilosebasea. Beberapa penelitian telah meneliti kadar 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 OH D] serum pada pasien AV dengan hasil bervariasi, namun umumnya rendah. Kadar vitamin D diduga terpengaruh oleh pajanan sinar matahari, letak geografis, ras/tipe kulit, dan asupan makanan, sehingga mungkin temuan di Indonesia akan berbeda daripada penelitian terdahulu di luar negeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar 25 OH D serum dan hubungan dengan derajat keparahan, lesi inflamasi, noninflamasi, dan total lesi AV. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 30 subjek penelitian SP, direkrut secara consecutive sampling, terbagi rata ke dalam kelompok AV ringan AVR, AV sedang AVS, dan AV berat AVB berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann. Faktor risiko AV yang berkaitan dengan vitamin D pajanan sinar matahari, penggunaan tabir surya, suplementasi, jumlah lesi, dan kadar 25 OH D serum dinilai pada seluruh SP. Hasil : Median kadar 25 OH D serum pada kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 16,3 9,1- 17,8 ng/mL, 12,7 9,6-15,6 ng/mL, dan 9,35 4,9-10,9 ng/mL Median pada kelompok AVR dan AVS lebih tinggi dibandingkan AVB.

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Background and objective: Acne vulgaris AV is chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Several studies have investigated the levels of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D 25 OH D in AV patients with varying outcomes, but mostly decreased. Vitamin D levels are thought to be affected by sun exposure, geographical location, race skin type, and food intake, that research in Indonesia may yield different results. This study aimed to determine the level of serum 25 OH D and its association with the severity and the number of inflammatory, noninflammatory, and total AV lesions.

Methods: This cross sectional study included 30 patients. Subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling, grouped equally into mild, moderate, and severe AV based on Lehmann's classification. The risk factors for inadequate vitamin D such as sun exposures, sunscreen, and suplements, the number of lesions, and serum 25 OH D levels were assessed on all subjects.

Results: The median concentrations of serum 25 OH D in the three groups were respectively 16.3 9.1 17.8 ng mL, 12.7 9.6 15.6 ng mL, and 9.35 4.9 10.9 ng mL p."

"ABSTRAKJerawat merupakan gangguan estetika pada kulit yang umumnya terjadi pada usia remajadengan gambaran klinis berupa adanya komedo, papul, pustul, dan nodul. Salah satu tanamanrimpang yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat jerawat adalah rimpang kencur (Kaempferiagalanga L) karena mempunyai khasiat sebagai anti bakteri dan anti inflamasi. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ektrak rimpang kencur terhadapbakteri P.acne, mengetahui kestabilan fisik sediaan gel ektrak rimpang kencur, keamanannya,dan manfaatnya sebagai gel anti jerawat derajat ringan dan sedang. Ekstraksi yang digunakandengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Uji aktifitas anti bakteri diamati padakonsentrasi 0,75; 1,25; 1,75; 2,25%. Konsentrasi 0,75% mempunyai diameter zona hambat11,5 mm pada media Brucella. Berdasarkan uji kestabilan fisik gel ekstrak rimpang kencurmempunyai stabilitas fisik yang baik pada akhir penelitian, pH mengalami sedikitpenurunan,uji viskositas dan konsistensi tidak banyak mengalami perubahan, dan ujikeamanan pada 12 orang tidak mengalami alergi dan iritasi. Uji manfaat dilakukan pada 60orang berjerawat ringan dan sedang dengan jenis lesi; komedo, papul, pustul, nodul.Perlakuan terhadap 30 orang yang diberi gel ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur dan gelklindamisin 1,2% diberikan pada 30 orang sebagai kontrol positip. Setelah dievaluasi selama3 minggu, gel ekstrak etanol rimpang kencur memberikan perbaikan signifikan (p<0,01)pada jerawat derajat ringan dan sedang.

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ABSTRACTAcne is a skin disorder that generally aesthetic occurs in adolescence with clinicalfeatures such as the presence of comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules. Oneof the rhizomes of plants that can be used as an acne medication is kencurrhizome (Kaempferia galanga.L) because it has peculiar properties as an antibacterial and anti inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to know about theanti bacterial activity of kencur rhizome extract the P acne bacteria,knowing thephysical stability from the preparation of kencur rhizome extract gel,safety,andbenefits as an anti acne gel in mild and moderate level. Extraction was macerationusing 96% ethanol.Antibacterial activity test performed at concentrations 0,75;1,25; 1,75; 2,25%. Concentration of 0,75% has 11,5 mm in the inhibition zone ofBrucella media. Based on the physical stability test, kencur rhizome extract gelhas good physical stability at the end of the study. The level of pH as a slightdecrease,viscosity and consistency test has not the changed much of the gel safetytesting in 12 peoples do not showed allergies and irritation. The benefit testconducted on 60 people with mild and moderate acne lesion types of comedones,papules, pustules, nodules. The gel contain 0,75% extract of rhizome kencur and1,2% clindamycin gel was applied in each 30 peoples who severe acne at faceshowed, after 3 week evaluation the result showed that extract of rhizome kencurprovide a significan improvement (p<0,01) in mild and moderate acne."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit akibat peradangan kronik folikel pilosebasea yang sering dijumpai pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Pada pasien perempuan didapatkan prevalensi AV yang lebih tinggi dan dampak psikososial yang lebih berat. Beberapa studi meneliti terdapat hubungan antara peningkatan kadar homosistein dengan derajat keparahan AV, namun peran homosistein dalam patogenesis AV masih belum jelas. Kadar homosistein ditentukan oleh multifaktor sehingga temuan di Indonesia dapat berbeda dibandingkan penelitian terdahulu. Secara fisiologis, kadar homosistein pada perempuan lebih rendah dari laki-laki.Tujuan: Mendapatkan data kadar homosistein plasma pada pasien perempuan dengan AV ringan (AVR), AV sedang (AVS), dan AV berat (AVB) serta mengetahui korelasi kadar homosistein plasma dengan berbagai derajat keparahan AV.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 46 subjek penelitian (SP), direkrut secara consecutive sampling, yang terdiagnosis AV berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann pada bulan April-Juni 2019. Setiap SP akan diambil darahnya untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar homosistein plasma dengan metode chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay (CMIA).Hasil: Pada pasien perempuan dengan AV didapatkan rerata kadar homosistein plasma kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, dan 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah yang tidak bermakna antara kadar homosistein plasma dengan derajat keparahan AV (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).Kesimpulan: Kadar homosistein plasma ditemukan lebih rendah pada kelompok AVS dan AVB. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin rendah kadar homosistein plasma, maka semakin berat derajat keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder caused by chronic inflammation of pilosebaceus that is primarily found in adolescents and young adults. In female patient, there is a higher prevalence of AV and more severe psychosocial impact. Several studies have investigated association between the levels of serum homocysteine and severity of AV, but the role of homocysteine in AV is not clearly understood. Homocysteine levels are thought to be affected by varying factors, so it is assumed that homocysteine levels in Indonesian people will yield a different results. Physiologically, female has a lower homocysteine levels.

Objective: This study aims to know the levels of homocysteine plasma in female patients suffering from mild, moderate, and severe AV, also its correlation with the degree of AV severity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 46 subjects, recruited by consecutive sampling, who have been diagnosed with AV based on Lehmann criteria on April-June

2019. Blood sample will be taken from each subject to measure homocycsteine plasma levels by using chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay method (CMIA).

Results: In female patients, the mean plasma homocycteine levels of mild, moderate, and severe groups were respectively 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, and 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. There was no significant corelation between plasma homocysteine levels and the degree of acne severity (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).

Conclusion: Levels of plasma homocysteine was found lower on moderate and severe AV groups. The lower the levels of plasma homocysteine, the more severe the the degree of acne severity.

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