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"Root development of permanent teeth is disturbed in survivors of childhood cancer. Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a cytostatic drug commonly used for chemotherapy in children with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CY on the development of molar teeth until the completion of occlusion in young mice, focusing on Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS). We treated thirty-two 12-day-old ICR mice with CY (100 mg/kg; 100-CY group), and 36 control mice with saline. At 12, 14, 16, 20, 24, 27, 39, 60, and 76 days of age, the mandibular molars were removed. Soft X-ray radiographs were obtained in lateral projection. The root/crown length (R/C) ratio of the first molar was calculated. Serial sagittal sections were prepared and histomorphological hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical (cytokeratin) studies were performed. The R/C ratio of the 100-CY group (0.78) was smaller than that of the control group (1.23) at 76 days (p < 0.05, t test). While all roots developed further after injection, microscopic examination showed that the roots of the first molars that developed in the 100-CY group were shorter than those in the control group. In addition, experimental mice showed apical closure of the roots. By 20 days after injection, the HERS had disappeared from the root surface in the 100-CY group. In conclusion, this study indicates that CY can induce a defect in HERS and cause early loss of HERS. Disruption of the epithelial sheath inhibits normal root formation, and it could cause irreversible short-root development."

"IntroductionOlmsted syndrome is a rare palmoplantar keratodermal disease that has not previously been reported to have an association with periodontal disease. The aim of this study is to report and document a case of Olmsted syndrome with evidence of severe periodontal disease.Case reportA 38-year old Saudi male patient presented to the dental clinic diagnosed previously with Olmsted syndrome. Clinical and radiographic examinations were done and provided evidence of the typical clinical findings in Olmsted syndrome and evidence of severe periodontal disease. The patient had severe generalized hyperkeratotic lesions on the palms, soles, and perioral skin as well as hyperkeratosis of oral mucosa at multiple sites.ConclusionThis case report documents the first reported case of Olmsted syndrome to be associated with severe periodontal disease. The altered differentiation of oral mucosa linked to Olmsted syndrome may contribute to the periodontal disease. Patients diagnosed with this syndrome should receive a comprehensive oral examination to determine whether periodontal destruction is a significant component of their disease or not."

"The Mentawai ethnic group is accustomed to the practice of anterior teeth mutilation on males and females prior to reaching puberty age at the Siberut Island, mentawai Islands Regency, West Sumatra Province. Objective; of this research was to analyze the effects of anterior teeth mutilation on the teeth of the Mentawai ethnic, and prove that there is a correlation between anterior teeth mutilation and posterior teeth attritions. Material & Method; there were 179 respondents who contributed to this study by applying accidental sampling method, consist of 96 respondents had interior teeth mutilations and 83 non-mutilation respondents were found. Among respondents with anterior teeth mutilation, 53.07% of them had posterior teeth attritions. Only 0.56% of the respondent with anterior teeth mutilation did not have posterior teeth attrition. On the other hand, respondent without anterior teeth mutilation who got posterior teeth attrition and without posterior teeth attrition were almost similar (27.93% and 18.44%, respectively). Conclusion; the anterior teeth mutilation which is a ritual of Mentawai ethnic group and has been performed for generations, is significantly influent the occurrence of posterior teeth attrition."

"Latar Belakang: Objektifitas rasio akar-mahkota gigi klinis dan konvergensi akar gigi. Tujuan: Menentukan rasio akar-mahkota gigi klinis dan tipe konvergensi akar gigi molar pertama yang menyebabkan trauma oklusi. Material dan Metode: Metode Lind (1972) dan metode baru untuk menentukan konvergensi akar gigi. Hasil: Rasio >1,51= baik; 1-≤1,50= cukup baik; 0,51-0,99= buruk; ≤0,50=sangat buruk. Ada hubungan antara gabungan rasio akar-mahkota gigi klinis dan konvergensi akar gigi dengan kegoyangan gigi (rs:0,302), lamina dura, (rs: 0,211), resesi gingiva bukal (rs: 0,245), kehilangan perlekatan (rs: 0,233). Kesimpulan: Ada hubungan antara rasio akar mahkota gigi yang tidak seimbang disertai konvergensi akar gigi dengan trauma oklusi.

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Background: An objective assessment of clinical root-crown ratio and root convergence.

Objective: To determine the clinical root-crown ratio and root convergence type of first molar which cause trauma from occlusion.

Materials and Methods: Method of Lind (1972) and a new method to determine the root convergence.

Results: The ratio >1.51=good; 1-≤1.50= pretty good; 0.51-0.99= poor; ≤ 0.50= very bad. There is a relationship between the combined of clinical root-crown ratio and root convergence with tooth mobility (rs: 0.302), lamina dura, (rs: 0.211), buccal gingival recession (rs: 0.245), loss of attachment (rs: 0.233).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between the combine of clinical root-crown ratio and root convergence with trauma from occlusion. "