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"Orthodontic medical treatment is performed to move a tooth to the optimal position to obtain optimal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment is accompanied by mechanical stress due to orthodontic force and by psychological stress that is experienced as pain or displeasure. The purpose of this study was to identify stress marker proteins during orthodontic treatment. Levels of receptor activator of NFκB (RANKL) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analyzed as markers of mechanical stress, and levels of chromogranin A (CgA) and amylase in whole saliva were analyzed as markers of psychological stress. GCF was collected from control and experimental teeth at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. Whole saliva was collected before treatment, at initiation of treatment and 24 h after treatment. RANKL was expressed at 24 h after treatment in the experimental GCF, but not in the control GCF. HSP70 appeared to be constitutively expressed in GCF, and its levels showed no major change between the control and experimental groups from initiation of treatment to 24 h after treatment. Amylase activity in whole saliva was enhanced at 24 h after treatment compared to control, but CgA levels showed little change between the groups. These results indicated that RANKL and amylase may be the candidate markers for mechanical and psychological stress, respectively, during orthodontic treatment, even though the total protein concentration and amylase activity displayed a large standard deviation among subjects. Further studies are therefore required to establish these markers for clinical use."

"Latar belakang: Maloklusi merupakan bentuk penyimpangan oklusi ideal dan menjadi masalah gigi dan mulut dengan prevalensi tertinggi ketiga di dunia. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2018, proporsi penduduk Indonesia yang melakukan perawatan ortodonti untuk mengatasi maloklusi masih sangat rendah yaitu hanya 0,3%. Rendahnya proporsi tersebut kemungkinan disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti pada mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Metode: Studi analitik observasional potong lintang pada 318 mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia Angkatan 2017. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tiga buah kuesioner tentang pengetahuan, motivasi dan hambatan melalui adaptasi lintas budaya. Hasil: Lebih dari 50% responden memiliki pengetahuan, hambatan, dan kemampuan terhadap perawatan ortodonti dengan kategori sedang. Terdapat 36,2% responden yang memiliki motivasi terhadap perawatan ortodonti tinggi. Uji korelasi Spearman menunjukan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p≤0,05) antara pengetahuan dan motivasi terhadap perawatan ortodonti; antara pengetahuan dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti; serta antara motivasi dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Motivasi merupakan faktor yang memiliki nilai korelasi terbesar (r=0,798, p≤0,05)terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia angkatan 2017 memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi untuk melakukan perawatan ortodonti, tetapi memiliki tingkat pengetahuan, hambatan, dan kemampuan terhadap perawatan ortodonti sedang. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, motivasi, dan hambatan terhadap perawatan ortodonti. Motivasi memiliki nilai korelasi paling besar terhadap perawatan ortodonti.

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Background: Malocclusion is a deviation from ideal occlusion and becomes a dental and oral health problem globally with the third-highest prevalence. According to Riskesdas 2018, the proportion of the Indonesian population who had undergone orthodontic treatment to treat malocclusion is still very low, only 0,3%. The low proportion is probably due to various factors such as knowledge, motivation, and barriers. Objective: To assess the relationship between knowledge, motivation, and barriers to orthodontic treatment among University of Indonesia students. Methods: An analytical cross- sectional study was conducted among 318 University of Indonesia students class of 2017. The instrument used was three questionnaires about knowledge, motivation, and barriers through cross-cultural adaptation. Results: More than 50% of the respondents have a moderate level of knowledge, barriers, and orthodontic treatment ability. There are 36.2% of respondents who have high motivation towards orthodontic treatment. The Spearman correlation test shows a significant relationship (p≤0,05) between knowledge and motivation to orthodontic treatment; between knowledge and barriers to orthodontic treatment; and between motivation and barriers to orthodontic treatment. Motivation shows the highest correlation to orthodontic treatment (r=0,798, p≤0,05). Conclusion: University of Indonesia students class of 2017 have a high level of motivation to perform orthodontic treatment but have a moderate level of knowledge, barriers, and ability to orthodontic treatment. There is a relationship between knowledge, motivation, and barriers to orthodontic treatment. Motivation has the greatest correlation value to orthodontic treatment."

"Latar Belakang: Kebersihan mulut yang baik dibutuhkan oleh pasien yang dirawat dengan alat ortodonti cekat, karena adanya alat-alat ortodonti seperti brackets, arch wire, bands, ligatures dan auxaillaries dapat memudahkan plak dan debris terkumpul di sekitarnya. Salah satu cara kontrol plak gigi yang paling umum ialah dengan menyikat gigi. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan indeks plak antara penggunaan sikat gigi ortodonti dan sikat gigi konvensional pada pasien yang dirawat dengan alat ortodonti cekat. Metode: Pada penelitian eksperimental klinis ini, 32 (tiga puluh dua) subjek yang dibagi secara acak ke dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok sikat gigi ortodonti dan kelompok sikat gigi konvensional. Subjek diberikan pasta gigi yang sama dan diinstruksikan untuk menyikat gigi dua kali sehari dengan metode Bass selama dua menit. Skor Indeks Plak diukur sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan sikat gigi selama tiga minggu berturut-turut. Hasil: Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menyimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik antara penggunaan sikat gigi ortodonti dan sikat gigi konvensional pada pasien perawatan ortodonti cekat (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Penggunaan sikat gigi ortodonti maupun sikat gigi konvensional sama-sama efektif menurunkan indeks plak pada pasien yang dirawat dengan alat ortodonti cekat.

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Background: Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances need to maintain good oral hygiene because the presence of orthodontic appliances such as brackets, arch wire, bands, ligatures and auxaillaries can facilitate plaque and debris accumulation around those sites. The most common way to control dental plaque is by toothbrushing.

Aim: To analyze plaque index differences between the use of orthodontic toothbrush and conventional toothbrush in patients with fixed orthodontic treatment.

Method: In this clinical experimental study, thirty two subjects were randomly divided into two groups which are orthodontic toothbrush group and conventional toothbrush group. Subjects were given the same toothpaste and instructed to brush their teeth twice a day with Bass method for two minutes. Plaque index scores were measured before and after three consecutive weeks of toothbrush usage.

Result: The results of Mann-Whitney test concludes that there is no statistically significant difference between the use of orthodontic toothbrush and conventional toothbrush in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances (p>0,05).

Conclusion: The use of orthodontic toothbrush and conventional toothbrush equally effective to decrease plaque index in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances."