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"Addressing public health problems of child malnutrition in Indonesia needs an appropriate integrated health and nutrition program. Positive Deviance Approach integrated with Posyandu TKA (Tumbuh Kembang Anak) offered an excellent opportunity to alleviate the health and malnutrition problem. A community trial study was conducted with a main objective to measure the effect of 3-month Positive Deviance Approach (PDA) integrated with posyandu TKA on growth of the children under five in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia.This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, rationale of the study, literature review, conceptual framework, hypothesis, objectives and variable indicator matrix.Part 2 covers the manuscript for publication with a title of "The Effectiveness of 3-months Positive Deviance Approach (PDA) integrated with Posyandu TKA (Tumbuh KembangAnak) on Growth of Underweight Children 6-59 months in Pandeglang District, Banten Province, Indonesia". It is written and formatted in accordance with the instructions for author of The Journal of Nutrition.Part 3 shows the supporting documents including important results that are not included in the manuscript, detailed methodology, grant approval, curriculum vitae and list of references for this research. List of operational definition and abbreviation are also included as guide for the readers.It is hoped that the results of this study will serve as reference data and advocacy tool for intervention program to address under nutrition among children. It can also be use for planning and implementation of future programs especially for Posyandu Revitalization Program in Indonesia."

"Proses resiliensi yang selama ini dibangun sebagian besar berfokus pada pemulihan pasca bencana dan belum dilakukan perincian bagaimana proses resiliensi dibangun sebelum, saat dan sesudah terjadinya terjadinya bencana, khususnya pada aspek kearifan lokal masyarakat. Hal ini terjadi pada upaya masyarakat untuk resiliensi terhadap Gunung Berapi Anak Krakatau yang sangat rendah baik dari segi fisik, pengetahuan dan nilai-nilai masyarakatnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis aspek fisik; pengetahuan, kesadaran dan praktik; nilai-nilai masyarakat; dan resiliensi untuk membuat model resiliensi pra-bencana erupsi Gunung Berapi Anak Krakatau, sehingga terciptanya masyarakat yang tanggap akan bencana. Riset ini menggunakan analisis permodelan sosial dan Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) untuk memperlihatkan pemahamaman dan hubungan dari keempat aspek tersebut. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya intervensi kearifan lokal masyarakat dari dua hal yaitu infrastruktur bangunan yang tahan akan bencana alam dan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap tanda-tanda alam sebelum terjadinya bencana alam. Hasil tersebut menghasilkan model yang terintegrasi antara nilai-nilai masyarakat serta pengetahuan dan kebijakan kebencanaan untuk membangun kapasitas masyarakat terhadap bencana alam. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah model resiliensi pra-bencana diprediksi dapat meningkatkan tingkat kewaspadaan dan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana erupsi Gunung Berapi Anak Krakatau untuk meminimalkan jumlah korban dan kerusakan yang dihasilkan.

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The established resilience process primarily emphasizes recovery efforts following a catastrophe; however, the specific methods employed to build resilience prior to, during, and subsequent to the disaster, with particular emphasis on the community's local wisdom, remain unspecified. It is occurring in a public endeavor to bolster the Anak Krakatau Volcano's resilience, which is physically, intellectually, and socially deficient. In order to develop a society that is resilient to disasters, the purpose of this research is to examine and assess physical aspects—knowledge, awareness, and practice; societal values; and resilience—in order to construct a model of the pre-catastrophic resiliency of the Anak Krakatau Vulcan eruption. By employing a model analysis of social and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the research illustrated the correlation and comprehension of the four facets. The results indicate that local community wisdom intervention is necessary in two ways: first, in the form of natural disaster-resistant infrastructure development; and second, in the form of public awareness regarding the indicators of impending natural disasters. As a result of the Anak Krakatau Vulcan eruption calamity, the predicted pre-disaster resilience model could enhance the level of preparedness and vigilance, thereby reducing the number of fatalities and property damage, according to the study's findings."

"Berat badan kurang didefinisikan sebagai berat badan yang rendah akibat konsumsi zat gizi yang tidak mencukupi kebutuhan dalam waktu tertentu. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi anak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 356 sampel. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat. Variabel bebas yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah penyakit infeksi, kebersihan lingkungan, pemberian ASI eksklusif, umur ibu, pemantauan pertumbuhan, penggunaan pelayanan kesehatan, jumlah anggota keluarga dan kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga. Variabel terikat yang diteliti adalah berat badan kurang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis status gizi pada anak diperoleh anak yang memiliki status gizi berat badan kurang yaitu 25,5 persen (93 orang). Hasil uji statistik dengan uji chi-square diperoleh analisis variabel penyakit infeksi (p-value= 1,000), sanitasi lingkungan (p-value = 0,157), pemberian ASI eksklusif (p-value = 0,491), umur ibu (p-value= 1,000), jumlah balita di dalam satu keluarga (p-value= 0,396), jumlah anggota keluarga (p-value= 0,330), pemantauan pertumbuhan (p-value= 0,815), pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan (p-value= 0,723) dan kebiasaan merokok dalam keluarga diperoleh (p- value= 0,491) kesimpulan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan berat badan kurang. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dalam upaya pencegahan masalah gizi anak, untuk memantau pertumbuhan anak secara teratur serta meningkatkan program penyuluhan dan edukasi perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dan pentingnya makanan yang beragam dan bergizi seimbang.

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Underweight can be defined as low body weight due to consumption of nutrients that are not sufficient for a certain time. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors related to the nutritional status of children. This research is a quantitative research using a cross sectional research design, with a total sample of 356 samples. The analysis used univariate and bivariate. The independent variables studied in this study were infectious diseases, environmental hygiene, exclusive breastfeeding, maternal age, growth monitoring, use of health services, number of family members and smoking habits in the family. The dependent variable studied was underweight. Based on the results of the analysis of the nutritional status of children, it was found that children who had nutritional status were underweight, namely 25.5 percent (93 people). The results of statistical tests with chi-square test obtained analysis of infectious disease variables (p-value = 1,000), environmental sanitation (p-value = 0,157), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.491), maternal age (p-value = 1,000 ), number of children under five in one family (p-value = 0,396), number of family members (p-value = 0,330), growth monitoring (p-value = 0,815), utilization of health facilities (p-value = 0,723) and smoking habits in the family obtained (p-value = 0,491) the conclusion that there is no significant relationship with underweight. It is recommended to increase awareness in efforts to prevent child nutrition problems, to monitor children's growth regularly through weighing and the use of health services and to increase counseling and education programs on clean and healthy living behavior and the importance of a diverse and balanced diet. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Tumbuh kembang anak dapat dinilai dari kemampuan Adaptasi, Personal Sosial, Motorik, Komunikasi, dan Kognitif. Pemeriksaan tumbuh kembang yang sering dilakukan di Indonesia adalah Kuesioner Praskrining Perkembangan (KPSP), Denver II dan pemeriksaan Bayley III. Battelle Development Inventory II (BDI II) sudah banyak digunakan secara luas di Indonesia, namun belum dilakukan validasi hingga saat ini.Tujuan. Uji Validasi instrumen Battelle Development Inventory II versi Bahasa IndonesiaMetode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 30 subyek dengan menilai hasil pemeriksaan profil tumbuh kembang anak yang meliputi domain Adaptasi, Personal Sosial, Motorik, Komunikasi, dan Kognitif.Hasil: Telah dilakukan proses penerjemahan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan dilakukan penerjemahan kembali ke dalam Bahasa Inggris sebagai salah satu rangkaian uji Validitas Konten, dengan dilakukan penilaian oleh tim Ahli Fungsi Luhur dan Neuropediatri dengan hasil yang valid ( Kappa > 0.8) Uji instrumen validitas dilakukan pada masing masing subdomain didapatkan bahwa koefisien korelasi antar domain dalam BDI II dan antara sub domain dengan nilai total domainnya memiliki hasil yang valid (p<0.05).Kesimpulan: BDI II versi Indonesia valid untuk digunakan sebagai instrumen penilaian tumbuh kembang anak di Indonesia untuk pemeriksaan tumbuh kembang anak.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Child development can be assessed from adaptive, motor, communication, cognitive, and personal social abilities. Examination of children's growth that is often carried out in Indonesia is Kuesioner Praskrining Perkembangan (KPSP), Denver II and Bayley III examination. Battelle Development Inventory II (BDI II) has been widely used in Indonesia, but has not been validated to date.Purpose: Validation BDI II Indonesia Language versionMethods: In this cross-sectional study. data collected from the examination the profile of children's growth and development of 30 subject, included the domain of adaptation, personal social , motoric, communication, and cognitive.Results: The translation process into Indonesian and back translation into English as one of a series of Content Validity tests, with an assessment by the expert Neurobehaviour and Neuropediatrician with valid results (Kappa> 0.8) Test of validity performed on each subdomain was found that the correlation coefficients between domains in BDI II and between sub domains with the total domain values ​​had valid results (p <0.05) and have a strong correlation (r> 0.8)Conclusion: The Indonesian version of Battelle Develompent Inventory II (BDI II) is valid for use as an assessment instrument for child growth in Indonesia for the examination of child growth and development."

"Kabupaten Pandeglang memiliki kedekatan wilayah dengan zona subduksi dan wilayah pertemuan Lempeng Indo-Australia dan Lempeng Eurasia di Selat Sunda. Akibatnya Kabupaten Pandeglang memiliki tingkat kerawanan dan kerentanan gempa bumi, dan untuk itu wilayah rawan gempa bumi dan kerentanan terhadap gempa bumi perlu ditentukan sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana gempa bumi. Faktor - faktor seperti litologi, struktur geologi, lereng, dan nilai PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) dapat digunakan untuk menentukan wilayah rawan gempa bumi dengan metode skoring. Kerentanan wilayah terhadap gempa bumi ditentukan dengan metode weighted overlay dengan pembobotan dalam aspek lingkungan, sosial, ekonomi, dan fisik. Kerawanan merupakan aspek lingkungan dalam penentuan kerentanan, sedangkan kepadatan penduduk, jumlah penduduk wanita, ratio ketergantungan, dan penyandang disabilitas digunakan dalam penentuan kerentanan aspek sosial. Kerentanan aspek ekonomi menggunakan indikator penduduk miskin dan kerentanan fisik menggunakan kepadatan bangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan wilayah rawan gempa bumi sedang mendominasi Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan luas 64,99% dan mayoritas tersebar pada bagian timur dan selatan Kabupaten Pandeglang. Dalam kerentanan, wilayah kerentanan tinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Labuan dengan luas sebesar 36,07 % dari luas Kecamatan Labuan, sedangkan Kecamatan Sindangresmi dan Kecamatan Munjul merupakan kecamatan dengan kerentanan rendah dengan luas 73.93 % dari luas Kecamatan Sindangresmi dan 61.52 % dari luas Kecamatan Munjul.

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Pandeglang Regency has a proximity to the subduction zone and the meeting area of ​​the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate in the Sunda Strait. So that Pandeglang District has an earthquake level of vulnerability and vulnerability. Areas prone to earthquakes and vulnerability to earthquakes need to be determined as an effort to mitigate earthquakes. Factors such as lithology, geological structure, slope, and PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) values ​​can be used to determine earthquake prone areas by the scoring method. Regional vulnerability to the earth's herds is determined by the weighted overlay method by weighting in environmental, social, economic and physical aspects. Vulnerability is an environmental aspect in determining vulnerability, while population density, female population, dependency ratio, and people with disabilities are used in determining the vulnerability of social aspects. Vulnerability in economic aspects uses indicators of poor population and physical vulnerability using building density. The results showed that earthquake-prone areas were dominating Pandeglang Regency with an area of ​​64.99% and the majority was spread in the eastern and southern parts of the Pandeglang Regency. In susceptibility, the high vulnerability area is in Labuan Subdistrict with an area of ​​36.07% of the area of ​​Labuan Subdistrict, while the Sindangresmi Subdistrict and Munjul Subdistrict are sub-district with low vulnerability with an area of ​​73.93% of the area of ​​Sindangresmi Subdistrict and 61.52% of the total area of ​​Munjul Subdistrict."

"Underweight merupakan masalah gizi yang umumnya dialami oleh anak-anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun, yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti penurunan daya tahan tubuh, penurunan fungsi kelenjar pituitary, tiroid, gonad, gangguan psikologis serta menimbulkan masalah gizi lain yaitu wasting atau stunting (Ali, 2006; Mamhidira, 2006; WHO, 2010; Andriani, 2012; Mahan, Raymond, 2017). Jumlah anak berusia 0-59 bulan yang menderita underweight di wilayah Jakarta Pusat pada tahun 2017 tercatat sebanyak 18,1% (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2018). Kejadian underweight pada anak dakarena faktor-faktor seperti asupan gizi, penyakit infeksi, praktik IMD, praktik ASI eksklusif, karakteristik keluarga dan lainnya. Untuk mengetahui proporsi underweight, hubungan antara faktor-faktor tersebut serta faktor dominan kejadian underweight maka dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional pada anak usia 25-30 bulan di Kecamatan Gambir dan Kecamatan Sawah Besar, Jakarta Pusat. Total sampel penelitian berjumlah 121 anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase anak yang memiliki status gizi underweight sebesar 25.6%. Hasil analisis dengan uji chi-square menandakan ada perbedaan signifikan pada asupan energi (P-value = 0.027), asupan karbohidrat (P-value = 0.035), tingkat pendidikan ayah (P-value = 0.045), pendapatan keluarga (P-value = 0.004) terhadap underweight. Hasil analisis regresi logistik ganda menandakan asupan karbohidrat merupakan faktor dominan underweight (OR = 7.7).

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Underweight is a nutritional problem that is generally experienced by children under 5 years of age, which can cause negative effects such as decreased endurance, decreased function of the pituitary gland, thyroid, gonads, psychological disorders and cause other nutritional problems namely wasting or stunting (Ali, 2006; Mamhidira, 2006; WHO, 2010; Andriani, 2012; Mahan, Raymond, 2017). The number of children aged 0-59 months suffering from underweight in the Central Jakarta area in 2017 was 18.1% (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018). The incidence of underweight in children can be caused by direct and indirect factors such as nutritional intake, infectious diseases, IMD practices, exclusive breastfeeding practices, family characteristics and others. To determine the proportion of underweight, the relationship between these factors as well as the dominant factors of underweight events, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 25-30 months in Gambir Subdistrict and Sawah Besar Subdistrict, Central Jakarta. The total sample of the study amounted to 121 children. The results showed the percentage of children who had underweight nutritional status was 25.6%. The results of the analysis with the chi-square test showed there were significant differences in energy intake (P-value = 0.027), carbohydrate intake (P-value = 0.035), father's education level (P-value = 0.045), family income (P-value = 0.004) against underweight. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that carbohydrate intake was a dominant factor underweight (OR = 7,7)."

"Cakupan vitamin A di Provinsi Papua pada tahun 2019 hanya mencapai 31,7% dan merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan angka cakupan paling rendah di Indonesia. Angka cakupan tersebut juga jauh di bawah standar UNICEF, yakni 80%. Rendahnya cakupan vitamin A bisa disebabkan beberapa faktor yang bervariasi pada tiap kabupaten/kota Provinsi Papua. Analisis spasial dilakukan untuk melihat sebaran serta korelasi antara faktor determinan dengan angka cakupan vitamin A. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang penggunakan pendekatan analisis spasial dan korelasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Badan Pusat Statistika dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Papua tahun 2019.  Hasil analisis spasial cakupan vitamin A menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah 16 kabupaten/kota tergolong baik, 12 kabupaten tergolong sedang, dan 1 kabupaten tergolong buruk. Sedangkan analisis korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan cakupan vitamin A dengan topografi wilayah dan tingkat pendidikan, serta tidak berhubungan dengan rasio tenaga kesehatan, fasilitas kesehatan, dan jumlah penduduk yang bekerja. Perlu adanya perhatian khusus terhadap sarana transportasi bagi wilayah dataran tinggi dan penyesuaian edukasi kesehatan bagi penduduk dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk menggali faktor lain terkait cakupan vitamin A di Provinsi Papua.

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Vitamin A coverage in Papua Province in 2019 only reached 31.7% and is one of the provinces with the lowest coverage rates in Indonesia. The coverage figure is also far below the UNICEF standard, which is 80%. The low coverage of vitamin A can be caused by several factors that vary in each district/city of Papua Province. Spatial analysis was carried out to see the distribution and correlation between the determinants and the coverage rate of vitamin A. This research is a quantitative study that uses a spatial analysis approach and correlation. The data used is secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Papua Provincial Health Office in 2019. The results of the spatial analysis of vitamin A coverage show that a total of 16 districts/cities are classified as good, 12 districts are classified as moderate, and 1 district is classified as poor. Meanwhile, correlation analysis shows that there is a relationship between vitamin A coverage and regional topography and education level, and it is not related to the ratio of health workers, health facilities, and the number of working people. There needs to be special attention to transportation facilities for highland areas and adjustment of health education for people with low levels of education. Further research is needed to explore other factors related to vitamin A coverage in Papua Province."

"Kekurangan gizi dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan fisik, intelektual dan juga dianggap sebagai penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian underweight pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Babakan Madang, Kabupaten Bogor. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari penelitian payung Hibah PITTA B tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 17,3% anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Babakan Madang mengalami underweight, dan 6,1% di antaranya mengalami severly underweight. Dari 214 anak, 63,6% anak berusia 12-23 bulan, 50,5% laki-laki, 7% mengalami BBLR, 75,7% lahir dari ibu berpendidikan rendah, 47,7% memiliki ibu dengan pengetahuan kurang, 68,7% tidak memperoleh ASI eksklusif, 25,2% mengalami diare, 46,7 % mengalami defisit energi, dan 46,7% defisit protein. Hasil analisis chi-square menunjukkan bahwa tidak satupun variabel berhubungan dengan kejadian underweight. Namun, hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa usia anak (p value = 0,014), pendidikan ibu (p value =0,029) berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian underweight. Adapun pengetahuan ibu (p value = 0,004) berhubungan terbalik dengan kejadian underweight. Pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor dominan kejadian underweight pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Kecamatan Babakan Madang tahun 2019 (OR= 3,259, 95% CI ; 1,132-9,382). Peneliti menyarankan Kepada Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bogor untuk memberikan sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat, khususnya ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-23 bulan tentang gizi bayi dan balita, gejala dan dampak dari kekurangan gizi, pentingnya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, beserta faktor-faktor lainnya yang dapat menyebabkan kekurangan gizi pada anak.

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Malnutrition can affect to physical and intellectual growth as well as considered a major cause of children morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the dominant factors associated with the underweight cases in children aged 6-23 months in Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency. The research design was cross-sectional. This study used secondary data obtained from the PITTA B umbrella study in 2019. The results showed that 17.3% of children aged 6-23 months in Babakan Madang District were underweight and 6.1% of them were severelyly underweight. Among 214 children, there were 63.6% children aged 12-23 months, 50.5% were male, 7% experienced LBW, 75.7% raised by mothers with low education, 47.7% had mothers with poor knowledge, 68.7% did not receive exclusive breastfeeding, 25.2% had diarrhea, 46.7% had an energy deficit, and 46.7% had a protein deficit. The results of the chi-square analysis showed that none of the variables associated with the underweight problem. However, the logistic regression test results showed that the children age (p value = 0.014), mothers’ educational background (p value = 0.029) were significantly associated with underweight. Meanwhile, maternal knowledge (p value = 0.004) was inversely related to underweight. Maternal education is the dominant factor in children underweight problem aged 6-23 months in Babakan Madang District in 2019 (OR = 3.259,95% CI; 1,132-9,382). The researcher suggested the Bogor District Health Office to provide socialization and education to the community, especially mothers who have children aged 6-23 months in regard to nutrition for infants and toddlers, symptoms and impacts of malnutrition, the importance of clean and healthy living habits, and other factors which can cause malnutrition in children."

"Stunting adalah kondisi kegagalan pertumbuhan disebabkan oleh kekurangan zat gizi kronik dan infeksi berulang yang memiliki dampak jangka panjang. Stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Provinsi Banten karena prevalensinya masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan stunting balita 6-59 bulan di Provinsi Banten. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 1.643 balita yang didapat dari total sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data yang digunakan adalah data SSGI 2021 milik BKPK Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah faktor anak (umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, panjang badan lahir, keragaman pangan), faktor ibu (pendidikan ibu dan pekerjaan ibu); faktor kerawanan pangan; faktor kesehatan lingkungan (kepemilikan jamban); faktor penyakit infeksi (ISPA, diare, pneumonia, TBC) dan faktor pelayanan kesehatan (pemberian vitamin A dan pengobatan balita sakit di fasilitas kesehatan). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis data kompleks. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi stunting pada balita 6-59 bulan adalah 22,7%. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, determinan stunting balita 6-59 bulan di Provinsi Banten adalah jenis kelamin (p-value 0,021; AOR 1,351; CI 95% 1,047 – 1,744); pendidikan ibu (p-value 0,009; AOR 1,484; CI 95% 1,103 – 1,998); panjang badan lahir (p-value 0,001; AOR 2,094; CI 95% 1,512 – 2,899); kerawanan pangan (p-value 0,009; AOR 1,629; CI 95% 1,131 – 2,347). Faktor dominan kejadian stunting balita 6-59 bulan di Provinsi Banten adalah panjang badan lahir pendek (AOR 2,09). Bayi panjang lahir pendek perlu mendapatkan intervensi KIE gizi dan kesehatan untuk ibu balita; mendapat makanan tambahan balita dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota dan Puskesmas serta pemantauan rutin setiap bulan di Posyandu agar tidak tumbuh menjadi balita stunting.

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Stunting is a condition of growth failure caused by chronic nutritional deficiencies and repeated infections that have long-term effects. Stunting is still a public health problem in Banten Province because the prevalence is still high. This study aims to determine the determinants of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months in Banten Province. The research design used was cross sectional with a total sample of 1,643 toddlers obtained from total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data used is the SSGI 2021 data belonging to the Indonesian Ministry of Health's BKPK. The independent variables in this study were child factors (age, sex, birth weight, birth length, dietary diversity), maternal factors (mother's education and mother's occupation); food insecurity factor; environmental health factors (latrine ownership); infection disease factors (ARI, diarrhea, pneumonia, tuberculosis) and health service factors (giving vitamin A and treating sick toddlers in health facilities). Data were analyzed using complex data analysis. Bivariate analysis used the chi-square test and multivariate analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results showed that the proportion of stunting among toddlers aged 6-59 months was 22.7%. Based on multivariate analysis, the determinant of stunting for children aged 6-59 months in Banten Province is gender (p-value 0.021; AOR 1.351; 95% CI 1.047 – 1.744); mother's education (p-value 0.009; AOR 1.484; 95% CI 1.103 – 1.998); birth length (p-value 0.001; AOR 2.094; 95% CI 1.512 – 2.899); food insecurity (p-value 0.009; AOR 1.629; 95% CI 1.131 – 2.347). The dominant factor in the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 6-59 months in Banten Province is short birth length (AOR 2.09). Short-born babies need to receive health and nutrition communication, information, education interventions for mothers under five and get supplementary food for toddlers from the District/City Health Office and Community Health Centers as well as routine monitoring every month at the Posyandu so they don't grow into stunted toddlers."

"Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) adalah indikator alternatif penilaian status gizi pada anak-anak yang dapat mengidentifikasi semua anak yang kurang gizi, baik itu stunting, wasting, underweight, wasting dan underweight, stunting dan underweight, atau kombinasi ketiganya. Masalah gagal tumbuh pada balita berdasarkan CIAF di Kecamatan Bojongsari, Kota Depok pada tahun 2023 sebesar 29,8%. Angka tersebut lebih tinggi dibandingkan pengukuran konvensional dengan indikator tunggal dari stunting, wasting dan underweight di Kota Depok berdasarkan SKI 2023 secara berurutan yaitu 14,3%, 5,8% dan 12,8%. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui determinan status gizi anak usia 6-59 bulan berdasarkan CIAF di Kecamatan Bojongsari, Kota Depok, Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2023. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder dan analisis data menggunakan uji chisquare dan regresi logistik ganda. Terdapat 317 anak usia 6-59 bulan dalam penelitian ini. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan status gizi anak berdasarkan CIAF adalah asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak dan asupan karbohidrat. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi menjadi faktor risiko pada status gizi anak berdasarkan CIAF pada anak usia 6-59 bulan di Kecamatan Bojongsari, Kota Depok, Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2023 setelah dikontrol variabel asupan protein dan asupan lemak (p=0,006; OR = 3,493, 95% CI = 1,428-8,543).

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Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is an alternative indicator for assessing nutritional status in children which can identify all children who are malnourished, whether they are stunting, wasting, underweight, wasting and underweight, stunting and underweight, or a combination of all three. The problem of failure to thrive in children aged 6-59 months based on CIAF in Bojongsari District, Depok City in 2023 is 29,8%. This figure is higher than conventional measurements with single indicators of stunting, wasting, and underweight in Depok City based on the 2023 SKI respectively, namely 14.3%, 5.8%, and 12.8%.. The research aims to determine the determinants of the nutritional status of children aged 6-59 months based on CIAF in Bojongsari District, Depok City, West Java Province in 2023. This quantitative research with cross-sectional study design used secondary data, and data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. There were 317 children aged 6-59 months in this study. Bivariate analysis showed that variables related to children’s nutritional status based on CIAF were energy intake, protein intake, fat intake and carbohydrate intake. Multivariate analysis shows that energy intake is the risk factor in children’s nutritional status based on CIAF in children aged 6-59 months in Bojongsari District, Depok City, West Java Province in 2023 after controlling for the variables protein intake and fat intake (p=0.006; OR = 3.493, 95% CI = 1.428-8.543)."