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"Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar sang (Zn) plasma dengan jumlah Iimfosit CD4 penderita HIV/AIDS.Tempat: Poliklinik Kelompok Studi Khusus (Pokdisus) AIDS Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Metodologi: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 52 orang penderita HIV/AIDS. Wawancara dilakukan pada subyek penelitian untuk mendapatkan data demografi, infeksi oportunistik, asupan energi dan asupan Zn. Data asupan energi didapatkan dengan metode food recall 1x24 jam, sedangkan data asupan Zn didapatkan dengan menggunakan metode FFQ semikuantitatif selama satu bulan terakhir. Status gizi ditentukan berdasarkan IMT. Pemeriksaan laboratorium yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan kadar Zn plasma dan jumlah limfosit CD4. Untuk mengetahui korelasi dipergunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman-Rank.Hasil: Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 44 orang laki-laki dan delapan orang perempuan, terbanyak berada pada rentang usia 20-29 tahun (80,8%), dengan rerata usia 26,4613,60 tahun, 75% berpendidikan sedang, 63,5% berada di bawab upah minimum propinsi (UMP), Rerata IMT 19,5512,83 kg/m2, 53,8% subyek termasuk kriteria berat badan normal. Nilai rerata asupan energi subyek adalah 1574,11 ± 198,48 kkal/hari, 82,7% subyek mempunyai asupan energi kurang. Rerata asupan Zn 6,9810,92 mglhari, dan 94,2% subyek mempunyai asupan Zn kurang. Median kadar Zn plasma 13,63 (11,26-44,98) µmol/L, 17,3% subyek mengalami defisiensi Zn. Median jumlah limfosit CD4 81 (2-747)/µL., 75% subyek mernpunyai jumlah Iirfosit CD4 < 200/µL. Sebagian besar (80,8%) subyek mengalami infeksi oportunistik, berdasarkan pola infeksi oportunistik, terbanyak adalah kandidiasis orofaring (55,8%). Didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar Zn plasma dengan jumlah limfosit CD4 (r=0,29;p=0,04), dan korelasi tidak bermakna antara asupan Zn dengan kadar Zn plasma (r=0,07; p=0,65) serta antara status gizi (IMT) dengan jumlah limfosit CD4 (r=0,2 I ; p=1,13).Kesimpulan: Didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar Zn plasma dengan jumlah Iimfosit CD4 (r=0,29; p=0,04)

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Objective: To investigate the correlation between plasma zinc (Zn) concentration and the number of CD4 lymphocytes count in HIV/AIDS patients

Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 521-I1V/AIDS patients. Interviews were done to get data about demographic characteristics, opportunistic infections, energi intake and Zn intake. The daily energy intake was assessed using 24h food recall method, while dietary Zn intake was assessed by using semiquantitative FFQ method. Nutritional status was determined BM1. Laboratory examination was done to assess plasma Zn concentration and CD4 lymphocytes count. Pearson's and Spearman's-Rank correlation tests were used to determine the correlation.

Subjects: consisted of forty four (84,6%) males and eight (19,2%) females, most of the subjects were in the 20-29 years old range (80,8%), with mean age of 26,46+3,60 years. Most subjects (75%) had medium education level and 33 subjects (63,5%) were earning under LIMP. Mean value of BMI was 19,55+2,83 kglm2 and based on the BMI levels, most of the subjects were normal (53,8%). Mean daily energy intake were 1574,11 ± 198,48 kcal, 82,7% had Iow energy intake. Mean Zn intake was 6,98 ± 0,92 mg/day, and 94,2% had low Zn intake_ Median plasma Zn concentration was 13,63 (11,26 - 44,98) /µL and 17,3% of subjects had low plasma Zn concentration. Median of CD4 lymphocytes count was 81 (2-747)//µL, 75% subjects had CD4 lymphocytes count < 200//µL, 80,8% subjects had opportunistic infections, and the most prevalent was oesophageal-orofaryng candidiasis (55,8%). There was a significant correlation between Zn plasma level and CD4 lymphocytes count r=0,29; p = 0,04). No significant correlation were found between Zn intake and plasma Zn concentration (r=0,07; p=0,65) and between BMI and CD4 lymphocytes count (r=0,21; p=0,13).

Conclusion: There was significant correlation between Zn plasma level and CD4 lymphocytes count (r = 0,29; p = 0,04)."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin E dengan jumlah limfosit CD4 penderita HIV/ AIDSTempat : Klinik Kelompok Studi Khusus AIDS Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/ RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Metodologi : Penelitian potong lintang pada 52 penderita HIV/ AIDS , berusia 20-40 tahun. Data yang diambil meliputi data demografi, infeksi oportunistik, asupan energi asupan lemak dengan metode food recall 1x24 jam, asupan vitamin E dengan food frequency questionnaire (F Q) semikuantitatif, kadar vitamin E plasma dan hitung limfosit CD4. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson.Hasil : Subyek terdiri dari 44 orang laki-laki dan 8 orang perempuan, median usia 26 tahun, 75% berpendidikan sedang, 63,5% berpenghasilan di bawah UMP, 59,6% tidak merokok, 80,77% golongan IDU, 82,7% AIDS, 80,8% dengan IO. Rerata IMT 19,53 kg/m2 dan 53,8% termasuk normal , rerata asupan energi 1574,1 ± 198,48 kkal, rerata asupan lemak 31,17 ± 7,26%, median asupan vitamin E 10,00 ± 1,82 mg/ hari, dan 84,6% memiliki asupan vitamin E kurang. Nilai median kadar vitamin E plasma 22,59 (11,08-70,24) µmol/L dan 90,4% subyek memiliki kadar vitamin E normal. Didapatkan korelasi positif bermakna antara asupan lemak dengan kadar vitamin E plasma(r=0.307, p-0.027*) dan antara asupan vitamin E dengan jumlah CD4 (r=0.363, p=0.008*). Tidak ada korelasi antara IMT dengan limfosit CD4 (r-0.210, p=0.135), asupan vitamin E dengan kadar vitamin E plasma (r-0.222, p=0.114), kadar vitamin E plasma dengan jumlah limfosit CD4(r= 0.028, p'.843).Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar vitamin E plasma dengan jumlah CD4 penderita HIV/ AIDS.

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Objective : To investigate the correlation between plasma vitamin E concentration and the number of CD4 lymphocytes count in HIV/ AIDS patients

Method : This was a cross-sectional study involving 52 HIVIAIDS patients, aged 20-40 years in University of Indonesia AIDS Working Group (POKDIKSUS) Clinic at Dr Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta. Data were collected including demographic characteristic, energy and fat intake by the 24-hour dietary recall method, vitamin E intake using FFQ semi quantitative method, vitamin E plasma concentration and CD4 lymphocytes count. Statistical analysis was carried out using Pearson's correlation test to investigate the correlation between vitamin E plasma concentration and the number of CD4 lymphocytes count in HIVIAIDS patients.

Result : The subjects were comprised 44 men and 8 women with median of age 26 years. 75% of the subjects were in middle education level; 63.5% were earned under Jakarta's minimum wages; 59.6% were non-smoker; 80.77% were IDU; 82.7% were infected by AIDS; and 80.8% with opportunistic infection. The BMI mean was 19.53kg/m2 of which 518% were normal. The mean of daily energy intake was 1574.11 ± 198.48 kcal, the mean of fat intake was 31.17 ± 7.27%, the median of vitamin E intake 10.00 (7.67- 15.38) mgld and 84.6% had a low vitamin E intake. The median value of vitamin E plasma level was 22.59 (11.08-70.24) µmol/L and 90.4% of subjects had normal vitamin E plasma concentration. There was a significant correlation of fat intake with vitamin E plasma concentration (r=0.307, p=0.427*), also of vitamin E intake with CD4 lymphocytes count (r 0.363, p-0.008*). But, there was no correlation of BMI with CD4 lymphocytes count (r0.210, p=0.135), of vitamin E intake with vitamin E plasma concentration (r=0.222, p=0.114), also the concentration of vitamin E plasma with CD4 lymphocytes count (r= 0.028, p=0.843).

Conclusion: No correlation was found between plasma vitamin E concentration and CD4 lymphocytes count in HIV/ AIDS patients.."

"Infeksi HIV menghasilkan radikal bebas yang merusak sel dan berbagai organ tubuh. Antioksidan berperan penting untuk mengatasi kerusakan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian bersama untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar antioksidan (beta karoten, vitamin C, E dan seng) dengan kadar SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak akhir bulan Februari 2013 sampai Maret 2013 dengan metode consecutive sampling, didapatkan 52 orang subyek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan median usia subyek 33 (24-40) tahun dengan 51,9% laki-laki. Sebanyak 94,2% subyek mendapatkan terapi anti retrovirus. Nilai median jumlah limfosit T CD4+ adalah 245 (50-861) sel/µL dan 63,5% subyek berada pada kelompok CDC II. Status gizi 84,6% subyek normal dan lebih dengan nilai median 21,4 (14,4-32,4) kg/m2. Nilai rerata asupan energi subyek 1850,8±454,6 kkal/hari, 76,9% subyek memiliki asupan energi kurang dari kebutuhan total harian. Nilai Median asupan lemak subyek 51,4 (22-129,4) gram/hari dan 63,5% subyek memiliki asupan lemak kurang dari energi total. Semua subyek memiliki asupan serat yang kurang dari angka kecukupan serat, nilai rerata asupan serat subyek adalah 8,6±3,6 gram. Nilai rerata asupan beta karoten subyek 10,92±4,37 mg/hari, 88,5% memiliki asupan beta karoten cukup. Nilai median kadar beta karoten subyek 0,21 (0,01-0,72) µmol/L dan 76,9% subyek memiliki kadar beta karoten rendah. Rerata kadar SOD subyek sebesar 1542,1±281 U/gHb dan 53,8% subyek memiliki kadar SOD normal. Tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar beta karoten dengan SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS (r=-0,174, p=0,217).

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Free radicals formed on the course of HIV infection can cause cellular and multiple organ damage. Antioxidants play an important role to minimize damage caused by these free radicals. This research is done using cross sectional design and is part of a joint study to assess the correlation between antioxidants (beta-carotene, vitamin C, E, and zinc) and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients at Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. The study is done from late February 2013 to March 2013 using consecutive sampling method, 52 subjects matched the study’s criteria. Study shows the age median value is 33 (24-40) years old, with 51.9% male. As much as 94.2% subjects were receiving anti retroviral therapy. Median value of CD4+ T lymphocyte count is 245 (50-861) cell/µL, 63.5% subjects belong in the CDC II category. Nutritional status for 84.6% subjects was normal and overweight with median value of 21.4 (14.4-32.4) kg/m2. Mean score for energy intake is 1850.8±454.6 kcal/day and as much as 76.9% subjects have energy intake less than total daily requirement. Median value of fat intake is 51.4 (22-129.4) grams/day and 63.5% subjects have fat intake less than total energy. All subjects were found to have fiber intake less than individual fiber requirement with mean score of 8.6±3.6 grams. Subjects’ mean score for beta-carotene is 10.92±4.37 mg/day and 88.5% of the subjects have adequate beta-carotene intake. Median value of beta-carotene level is 0.21 (0.01-0.72) µmol/L and 76.9% subjects have low beta-carotene level. SOD level mean score is 1542.1±281 U/gHb, 53.8% subjects had normal SOD level. This study found no significant correlation between beta-carotene and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients (r=-0.174, p=0.217)."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin E serum dan aktivitas superoxide dismutase (SOD) eritrosit pada penderita HIV/AIDS. Bahan dan cara: Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada pasien rawat jalan di klinik Pokdisus, RSUPNCM Jakarta selama akhir Februari 2013 sampai bulan Maret 2013. Subyek diperoleh dengan metode consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 52 subjek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, rekam medis, dan pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kadar vitamin E serum dan aktivitas SOD eritrosit. Hasil: Sebagian besar subjek adalah laki-laki (51,9%), usia rata-rata adalah 34 ± 4,84 tahun. Malnutrisi terjadi pada 55,8% dari subyek dan semua subyek (100%) memiliki asupan vitamin E yang kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar subjek telah mendapatkan terapi ARV (94,2%). Jumlah CD4 <200sel/uL ditemukan pada 17 subyek (32,7%). Kadar vitamin E serum yang rendah didapat pada semua subyek (100%) dengan nilai rata-rata kadar vitamin E serum 3,84 (1,77-7,32) umol / L, sementara aktivitas SOD eritrosit yang cukup ditemukan pada 53,8% dari subyek dengan nilai rata-rata 1542,1 ± 281,04 U / g Hb. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar serum vitamin E dan aktivitas SOD ditemukan dalam penelitian ini. (R = 0,047, p = 0,742).

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Objective: The aim of this cross sectional study was to find a correlation between serum level of vitamin E and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HIV/AIDS patients.

Material and method: Data collection was conducted at Pokdisus outpatient clinic, RSUPNCM Jakarta, from late February 2013 to March 2013. Subjects were obtained with the consecutive sampling method. A total of 52 subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews, medical records, and anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status, and through laboratory examination (i.e. serum level of vitamin E and erythrocyte SOD activity).

Results: The majority of the subjects were male (51,9%) with a mean age of 34 ± 4.84 years. Malnutrition occured in 55.8% of the subjects and all subjects (100%) had vitamin E intake that is less than the Indonesian recommended dietary allowance (RDA). In this study, most subjects had already been on ARV therapy (94.2%). Low CD4 cell count was found in 17 subjects (32.7%). Vitamin E deficiency was found in all subjects (100%) with a median value of serum level of vitamin E of 3.84 (1.77 to 7.32) μmol / L, while normal SOD activity was found in 53.8% of the subjects with a mean value of 1,542.1 ± 281.04 U / g Hb.

Conclusion: No significant correlation between serum level of vitamin E and SOD activity was found in this study (r = 0.047, p = 0.742)."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit akibat peradangan kronik folikel pilosebasea yang sering dijumpai pada remaja dan dewasa muda. Pada pasien perempuan didapatkan prevalensi AV yang lebih tinggi dan dampak psikososial yang lebih berat. Beberapa studi meneliti terdapat hubungan antara peningkatan kadar homosistein dengan derajat keparahan AV, namun peran homosistein dalam patogenesis AV masih belum jelas. Kadar homosistein ditentukan oleh multifaktor sehingga temuan di Indonesia dapat berbeda dibandingkan penelitian terdahulu. Secara fisiologis, kadar homosistein pada perempuan lebih rendah dari laki-laki.Tujuan: Mendapatkan data kadar homosistein plasma pada pasien perempuan dengan AV ringan (AVR), AV sedang (AVS), dan AV berat (AVB) serta mengetahui korelasi kadar homosistein plasma dengan berbagai derajat keparahan AV.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 46 subjek penelitian (SP), direkrut secara consecutive sampling, yang terdiagnosis AV berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann pada bulan April-Juni 2019. Setiap SP akan diambil darahnya untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar homosistein plasma dengan metode chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay (CMIA).Hasil: Pada pasien perempuan dengan AV didapatkan rerata kadar homosistein plasma kelompok AVR, AVS, dan AVB yaitu 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, dan 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah yang tidak bermakna antara kadar homosistein plasma dengan derajat keparahan AV (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).Kesimpulan: Kadar homosistein plasma ditemukan lebih rendah pada kelompok AVS dan AVB. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin rendah kadar homosistein plasma, maka semakin berat derajat keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a skin disorder caused by chronic inflammation of pilosebaceus that is primarily found in adolescents and young adults. In female patient, there is a higher prevalence of AV and more severe psychosocial impact. Several studies have investigated association between the levels of serum homocysteine and severity of AV, but the role of homocysteine in AV is not clearly understood. Homocysteine levels are thought to be affected by varying factors, so it is assumed that homocysteine levels in Indonesian people will yield a different results. Physiologically, female has a lower homocysteine levels.

Objective: This study aims to know the levels of homocysteine plasma in female patients suffering from mild, moderate, and severe AV, also its correlation with the degree of AV severity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 46 subjects, recruited by consecutive sampling, who have been diagnosed with AV based on Lehmann criteria on April-June

2019. Blood sample will be taken from each subject to measure homocycsteine plasma levels by using chemiluminescent microparticle immuno assay method (CMIA).

Results: In female patients, the mean plasma homocycteine levels of mild, moderate, and severe groups were respectively 7,39 (1,84) μmol/L, 7,14 (1,73) μmol/L, and 6,95 (1,14) μmol/L. There was no significant corelation between plasma homocysteine levels and the degree of acne severity (r=-0,0964, p=0,524).

Conclusion: Levels of plasma homocysteine was found lower on moderate and severe AV groups. The lower the levels of plasma homocysteine, the more severe the the degree of acne severity.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh pemahaman mendalam tentang makna spiritualitas pada klien HIV/AIDS dalam konteks asuhan keperawatan.Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif fenomenologi dengan desain deskriptif eksploratif. Penelitian ini memperoleh lima tema yaitu (1) mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan, (2) menghargai hidup pasca diagnosis HIV, (3) butuh dukungan dari orang terdekat, (4) mempunyai harapan untuk kehidupan yang lebih baik di hari depan,dan (5) kebutuhan spiritual yang tidak terpenuhi. Sebanyak 7 partisipan berpartisipasi menceritakan pengalamannya. Metode wawancara mendalam dan pengamatan lapangan merupakan alat bantu pengumpulan data. Data di analisis menggunakan metode Collaizi (1978). Hasil penelitian menyarankan perawat perlu melakukan pengkajian spiritual pada klien HIV/Aids selama di rawat di RS sehingga perawat dapat memberikan intervensi keperawatan yang tepat untuk membantu klien

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This study aims to explore the meaning of spirituality in HIV / AIDS patients in the nursing care at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. This research is a qualitative research phenomenology design with descriptive explorative. There were five themes in this research including more attach to God, respect for life after HIV diagnosis, need a support system, hope for a better life and patient's spiritual need?s were not fulfilled. Seven participants were recruited in this study 7 participants.In-depth interviews, field note and the observation sheet were used to collect data. The seven procedural steps proposed by Collaizi (1978) were utilized in data analysis.The result suggested nurses are supposed to make an assessment for spiritual needs as a nursing intervention and optimize nursing curriculum."

"Cara kerja : Selama bulan Juni hingga September 2006, 97 perempuan dengan HIV positif baik yang telah mendapat terapi ARV atau belum, mengikuti penelitian di Poliklinik POKDISUS AIDS RSCM. Data didapatkan dari status dan wawancara serta pengambilan tes Pap. Dari status diketahui kadar CD4 yang telah diperiksa terakhir. Karena masalah dana hanya diambil sepuluh sampel untuk mengetahui jenis DNA HPV serviks peserta penelitian. Dilihat jugs bagaimana karakteristik penularan HIV pada perempuan yang diteliti. Pelaporan hasil tes Pap dengan sistem Bethesda.Hasil : Temuan tes Pap abnormal adalah 23,7%, terbanyak adalah LIS derajat rendah yakni 11,3%, diikuti ASCUS 10,3% dan LIS derajat tinggi 2,1%. Pada perempuan HIV positif yang diteliti kadar CD4 kurang dari 200 sel/mm3 adalah 40,2% ; antara 200-500 adalah 47,4% dan lebih dari 500 adalah 12,4%. Dari sepuluh peserta yang diperiksa DNA HPV diketahui enam orang didapatkan jenis high risk. Penularan infeksi HIV pada perempuan yang diteliti adalah melalui kontak seksual dengan suami pengguna putau 44,3%, suami yang multipartner 18,6%, perilaku seksual multipartner peserta penelitian sebanyak 26,8% dan peserta penelitian yang mengkonsumsi narkoba putau 10,3%.Kesimpulan Temuan tes Pap abnormal terbanyak adalah LIS derajat rendah yakni 11,3%. Kadar CD 4 sebagian besar perempuan dalam penelitian ini adalah kurang dari 500 sel per mm3 (87,6%). Enam dari sepuluh peserta penelitian yang diperiksa DNA HPV didapatkan jenis high risk (risiko tinggi). Karakteristik penularan infeksi HIV terbanyak pada perempuan yang diteliti adalah penularan melalui kontak seksual dengan suami yang telah terinfeksi HIV Iebih dulu 62,9%.

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Objective: to investigate Pap smear test result of the HIV positive women at POKDISUS AIDS RSCM.

Method: Between June and September 2006, 97 HIV-positive women from POKDISUS AIDS RSCM policlinic were enrolled. Some of the women have received the ARV treatment, while some others have not. Data were obtained from the medical records, interview and Pap test of the participant. From the medical records, the last CD4 level was obtained. Causes of financial problem only ten experiment samples were collected to investigate the type of cervical HPV DNA. It was also inspected how the HIV transmission characteristic of the women involved. The Pap's test report was using the Bethesda system.

Result: the Pap test outcome shown: abnormal 23.7%, consisting: LGSIL 11.3%, followed by ASCUS 10.3% and HGSIL 2.1%. At the HIV positive women, the CD4 level less than 200 cells/mm3 is 40.2%; ranges between 200 - 500 cells/mm3 is 47.4% and more than 500 is 12.4%. From the 10 (ten) participants investigated, it is known that 6 (six) of them got the high-risk type. The transmission of HIV infection of the participants: through the sexual activity of the drug/putaw abuse spouses is 44.3%, through the sexual activity of the multipartners spouses is 18.6%, and by the multipartners sexual activity is 26.8% and by the drug/putaw abuse is 10.3%

Conclusion: the Pap test outcome shown the most occurrences is L;GSIL 11.3%, the CD4 level of the HIV positive women is mostly less than 500 cells/mm3 (86,7%). Further, 6 (six) out of 10 (ten) participants investigated got the high-risk type. Most of the transmission of HIV infection of the participants is through the sexual activity of the drug/putaw abuse spouses, who have been infected already."

"The knowledge about HIV/AIDS disease is not the important thing to make an ODHA to increase pursuance antiretroviral therapy. This research was a correlative researched and used 21 cross sectional design which has a purpose to know relation between the levels of knowledge with pursuance. The sample in this research was 42 ODHA. Sampling technique which is used in this research was purposive sampling. Thirteen (591%) of ODHA had the high level in knowledge and had high level in pursuance.The result of statistic test (p=1.000) >α, so HO fail no receivable. The conclusion from this research, there was not relation between the levels of knowledge about HIV/AIDS disease with pursuance of ODHA to Antiretroviral therapy. The result from this research can be used for give input to ODHA be more pursuance. Recommend for next research to add respondent and area wider.

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Pengetahuan tentang penyakit HIV/AIDS tidak dapat menjadi satu-satunya acuan ODHA dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif korelatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 42 ODHA. Sebanyak 13 responden (59,1%) yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi mempunyai tingkat kepatuhan yang tinggi.

Hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai p=1.000. sehingga Ho gagal ditolak. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dengan tingkat kepatuhan menjalani terapi ARV di POKDlSUS RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai masukan kepada ODHA untuk Iebih patuh dalam pengobatan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar menambah jumlah responden dan memperluas area penelitian."

"Kualitas hidup pada pasien HIV/AIDS sangat penting untuk diperhatikan karena penyakit infeksi ini bersifat kronis dan progresif sehingga berdampak luas pada segala aspek kehidupan baik fisik, psikologis, sosial, maupun spiritual. Masalah psikososial khususnya depresi dan kurangnya dukungan keluarga terkadang lebih berat dihadapi oleh pasien sehingga dapat menurunkan kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan hubungan antara depresi dan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan studi potong lintang dan merekrut sampel sebanyak 92 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mempunyai kualitas hidup kurang baik (63,0%), mengalami depresi (51,1%), dukungan keluarga non-supportif (55,4%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (70,7%), berpendidikan tinggi (93,5%), bekerja (79,3%), berstatus tidak kawin (52,2%), mempunyai penghasilan tinggi (68,5%), berada pada stadium penyakit lanjut (80,4%), rata-rata usia 30,43 tahun, dan rata-rata lama mengidap penyakit 37,09 bulan. Pada analisis korelasi didapatkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara depresi dan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup (p=0,000 & p=0,000, α=0,05). Selanjutnya, hasil uji regresi logistik menunjukkan responden yang mengalami depresi dan mempersepsikan dukungan keluarganya non-supportif beresiko untuk memiliki kualitas hidup kurang baik setelah dikontrol oleh jenis kelamin, status marital, dan stadium penyakit. Selain itu, diketahui pula bahwa dukungan keluarga merupakan faktor paling dominan yang berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup dengan nilai OR=12,06. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu dilakukan intervensi untuk memberdayakan keluarga agar dapat senantiasa memberikan dukungan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dan upaya pencegahan serta penanganan terhadap masalah depresi agar dapat memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS.

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Quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS become a main concern since this chronic and progressive illness may impact in all aspects of patient?s life: physical, psychological, social, and spiritual. Psychosocial problems especially depression and lack of family support are frequently faced of this patients which effect in reducing their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify and to explain the relationship between depression and family support with quality of life in patients with HIV / AIDS. This study used cross-sectional study design, with a total sample is 92 respondents that recruited by purposive sampling technique.

The results showed that the majority of respondents have poor quality of life (63.0%), depression (51.1%), lack of family support (55.4%), male (70.7% ), higher education level (93.5%), work (79.3%), unmarried (52,2%), have higher income (68.5%), in advanced stage of disease (80.4% ), with an average age of 30.43 years, and the average length of illness 37.09 months. Analysis of the correlation showed any significant relationship between depression and family support with quality of life (p=0,000 & p=0,000, α=0,05).

Further analysis with logistic regression test demonstrated that respondents who perceive depressed and family non-supportive are at risk to have poor quality of life after being controlled by gender, marital status, and stage of disease. In addition, this analysis showed that family support is the most influential factors to the quality of life with OR=12,06.

Recommendations from this study is necessary to empower family in order to continously giving support to patients with HIV/AIDS and also needs to prevent and resolve problem of depression in order to improve quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS."

"ABSTRAK Kasus HIV/AIDS dan tuberkulosis banyak diderita masyarakat perkotaan.Penyakit pada masyarakat perkotaan berkaitan dengan karakteristik lingkungandan gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan. Kasus HIV biasanya disertai denganberbagai infeksi oportunistik. Infeksi opportunistik yang paling banyak ditemukanadalah tuberkulosis, diikuti dengan kandidiasis oral, dan diare. Masalahkeperawatan utama pada pasien dengan tuberkulosis adalah ketidakefektifanbersihan jalan napas berhubungan dengan retensi sputum. Penulisan karya ilmiahakhir ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupakombinasi antara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batukefektif untuk mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Intervensidilakukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dengan tuberculosis di ruang rawat penyakitdalam RSCM. Hasil dan evaluasi dari intervensi yang dilakukan yaituberkurangnya penumpukan sputum pada jalan napas pasien, sehingga pasien tidakmerasakan sesak seperti sebelumnya dan bisa bernapas lebih lega. Perawatdiharapkan dapat melakukan intervensi mandiri keperawatan berupa kombinasiantara anjuran minum air putih hangat, postural drainase, dan batuk efektiftersebut untuk membantu memperbaiki status pernapasan pasien.ABSTRACT Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. ;Cases of HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis affects many urban communities. Diseases

in urban communities are related to environment and lifestyle characteristics of

urban communities. HIV cases are usually accompanied by a variety of

opportunistic infections. The most common opportunistic infections is

tuberculosis, followed by oral candidiasis and diarrhea. The main nursing

problems in patients with tuberculosis is the ineffectiveness of airway clearance

related to the retention of sputum. This final scientific thesis aims to analyze the

independent nursing intervention in the form of a combination of the

recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage, and cough effectively to

address the problem of ineffective airway clearance. The intervention was

conducted in HIV/AIDS patient with tuberculosis in medical ward RSCM. The

result of interventions was reduced sputum buildup in the airway of the patient, so

the patient did not feel crowded as before and could breathe more easily. Nurses

are expected to conduct independent nursing interventions in the form of a

combination of the recommendation to drink warm water, postural drainage and

effective coughing to help improve patient's respiratory status. "