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"Forensic entomology has not been acknowledged in Indonesia so far. Indonesia carrion insects are very rarely reported. Te aim of this study was to obtain the types of insects on pig carcasses that could be used for the estimation of post-mortem interval. Four domestic pigs sacrificed with different methods were used a model. The carcasses were observed twice daily (around 9 a.m and 4 p.m) during 15 days to assess the stages of decomposition and to collect insects, both in mature and immature stages. The immature insects were reared and the mature insects were indentified in the laboratory of pests and plant diseases, University of sam ratulangi, Manado. Chrysomya megacephala and C. rufifacies were identified both morphologically and with deoxyribose-nucleic acid (DNA) techniques. Five stages of decomposition (fresh, bloated, active decay, post-decay and skeletonization) were observed. A total of 11 diptera and 8 coleoptera species were found during a 15-days succession study. Chrysomya megacephala, C. rufifacies and hermetia illucens colonized in all carcasses. Insects found on four different pig carcasss consisted mainly of widespread diptera and coleoptera. Chrysomya megacephala, C. rufifacies and Hermetia illucens seemed to be primary candidates for the estimation of the post-mortem interval."

"A virtopsy (virtual autopsy) is a minimally invasive alternative that can produce an efficient autopsy. The range of technologies employed in virtopsies include computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, and 3D photogrammetry and surface scanning.Charred, badly decomposed, or mummified corpses, as well as those restrictions forced upon coroners by certain religious sects, often make autopsies impossible to perform. In addition, lack of manpower among the personnel charged with performing autopsies frequently creates a backlog of cases in the coroner's office. This delay increases the likelihood that causes of death will go undetermined and criminal perpetrators will go unpunished. The solution can be found in what has come to be known as the virtopsy®, a minimally invasive and efficient way to perform an autopsy."

"Pendapat ahli yang disampaikan dalam proses hukum harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah, yang dikenal dengan evidence-based practice (EBP). Dalam kedokteran forensik, EBP belum diterapkan secara eksplisit, termasuk di Indonesia. Salah satu pendekatan potensial untuk merumuskan pendapat ahli berbasis bukti disebut dengan INFERENCE (INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements). Selain itu, belum ada pedoman universal untuk membuat laporan patologi forensik. Salah satu pedoman yang potensial bernama PERFORM-P (Principles of evidence-based Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed-methods) melalui lima tahapan yang saling terkait yaitu (1) survei potong lintang untuk mengetahui karakteristik dokter forensik Indonesia dan praktiknya saat ini, (2) proses adaptasi dan validasi kedua alat tersebut melalui review oleh Kolegium Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik Indonesia, (3) studi pre-post intervention satu kelompok untuk menilai validitas dan reliabilitas pendapat ahli kedokteran forensik yang diformulasikan menggunakan i-INFERENCE (Indonesian-INFERENCE) dan dilaporkan menggunakan i-PERFORM-P (Indonesian-PERFORM-P), (4) studi kasus analitik menggunakan i-INFERENCE, dan (5) diskusi kelompok terfokus untuk mengeksplorasi kepuasan pelanggan terhadap i-INFERENCE dan i-PERFORM-P. Seluruh penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jakarta (secara luring dan daring) sejak bulan Desember 2017 sampai Juli 2022. i-INFERENCE dan i-PERFORM-P dapat meningkatkan validitas pendapat ahli kedokteran forensik. Kedua alat tersebut berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam setting Indonesia dengan beberapa tambahan/klarifikasi dalam pedoman pengguna. Keduanya juga mendapat sambutan yang umumnya positif, baik dari pengguna potensial (dokter forensik Indonesia) maupun oleh konsumen (jaksa dan hakim) meskipun diperlukan upaya lebih dalam menggunakannya. Peserta membayangkan bahwa kedua alat tersebut akan sangat berguna dalam kasus yang rumit. Dengan adanya i-INFERENCE dan i-PERFORM-P dokter forensik Indonesia diharapkan lebih siap dalam menganalisis dan melaporkan kasus yang kompleks, serta implementasi EBP dapat ditingkatkan.

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Expert opinions presented in legal proceedings should be scientifically accountable, which is known as evidence-based practice (EBP). In forensic medicine, EBP has not been explicitly applied, including in Indonesia. One potential approach to formulate evidence-based expert opinions is called INFERENCE (INtegration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous EvaluatioN of Causation Elements). Additionally, there is also no universal guideline for making forensic pathological reports. One prospective guideline is the PERFORM-P (Principles of Evidencebased Reporting in FORensic Medicine-Pathology version). This study uses a mixed-method through five interrelated phases, i.e., (1) a cross-sectional survey to determine the characteristics of Indonesian forensic doctors and their current practice, (2) the adaptation and validation process of the two tools through a review by the Indonesian College of Forensic Medicine, (3) a one-group pre-post intervention study to assess the validity and reliability of forensic medical expert opinions formulated using i-INFERENCE (Indonesian-INFERENCE) and reported using i-PERFORM-P (Indonesian-PERFORM-P), (4) an analytic case study using i-INFERENCE, and (5) a focused group discussion to explore customer satisfaction towards i-INFERENCE and i-PERFORM-P. This study was conducted in Jakarta (online and offline) from December 2017 until July 2022. i-INFERENCE and iPERFORM-P can increase the validity of forensic medical expert opinions. Both tools can potentially be used in the Indonesian setting with some additions/clarifications in the user manuals. They also received a generally positive reception, both by potensial user (Indonesian forensic medical doctors) and by consumers (public prosecutors and judges) albeit the extra effort that is needed in using them. Participants envision that both tools will be most useful in complex cases. By obtaining the i-INFERENCE and the i-PERFORM-P, Indonesian forensic medical doctors are better equipped in analyzing and reporting complex cases, and the implementation of EBP can be improved."

"This book charts the historical and current interaction between lawyers and mediation in both the common law and civil law world and analyses a number of issues relevant to lawyers? part in the process. By reviewing existing empirical evidence on lawyers? interactions with mediation and by examining historical and current trends in lawyers? dalliance with mediation.this book seeks to shed new light on a number of related issues, including, lawyers? resistance to mediation; lawyers? motives for involvement with mediation, the appropriateness of lawyers acting as mediators and party representatives, and the impact that both lawyers and the increasing institutionalisation of mediation have had on the normative form of the process, as well as the impact that mediation experience heralds for lawyers and legal systems in general."

"Latar Belakang: Amelogenin merupakan gen yang umum digunakan dalam identifikasi dimorfisme seksual, namun riset dan laporan kasus melaporkan adanya kegagalan dalam amplifikasi dikarenakan delesi pada AMELY. Tujuan: Menganalisis frekuensi delesi AMELY pada populasi pria di Indonesia. Metode: Pemeriksaan DNA dengan amplifikasi multipleks PCR menggunakan gen AMXY 1F/2R dan SRY. Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Satu dari 405 sampel penelitian mengalami delesi pada gen AMELY pada populasi di Indonesia.

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Background: The Amelogenin gene represents the gender marker most widely used for human identification. However, some failures in sex-typing have been observed globally.

Aim: In this study, we could approximate the population frequency of AMELY negative among Indonesian population.

Methods: Multiplex PCR using primers AMXLY 1F/2R and SRY.

Results and Summary: One of 405 sample are indicated as AMELY negative in an Indonesian Population."