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"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stres anak Autisme dengan intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual dan Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva. Desain penelitian berupa eksperimental klinis dan laboratoris dengan mengukur kadar kortisol saliva sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Subjek terdiri dari 20 anak usia 6-10 tahun yang telah didiagnosis Autisme oleh dokter spesialis anak atau psikiater, tidak terdapat riwayat penyakit sistemik, tidak terdapat gangguan pada penglihatan dan pendengaran, dapat mengikuti instruksi sederhana, serta belum pernah ke dokter gigi. Subjek dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ dan Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’. Saliva diambil pada saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengukur perbedaan kadar kortisol saliva. Hasil analisis tingkat stres anak autisme yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney-U menunjukkan nilai median kadar kortisol saliva anak autisme pada kelompok intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ sebesar 0,0005 μg/mL dan nilai median kadar kortisol saliva kelompok intervensi Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ sebesar 0,0010 μg/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,050) dalam tingkat stres anak autisme yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva pada kelompok intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual dan Video Modeling 'Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi'. Hal ini menandakan efektivitas Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ untuk menurunkan tingkat stres anak autisme pada saat perawatan gigi sama dengan Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva .

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The aim of this study was to determine the differences of the Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ intervention method in reducing stress levels in autism children measured by salivary cortisol levels during dental treatment. The study design was clinical and laboratory experimental by measuring salivary cortisol levels before and after the intervention. Subjects consisted of 20 children aged 6-10 years who had been diagnosed with Autism by a pediatrician or psychiatrist, had no history of systemic disease, had no impairment of vision and hearing, could follow simple instructions, and had never been to a dentist. They were divided into two groups based on the type of intervention: Visual Pedagogy Module ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung

ke Dokter Gigi’. Saliva was collected from the children before and after the interventions and analyzed in the laboratory to measure the differences of salivary cortisol concentration. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze salivary concentration differences in two intervention groups. The median values in the two intervention groups were 0,0005 and 0,0010 μg/mL. The stress levels measured by salivary cortisol levels showed that both Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ proven to be effective in decreasing the level of stress among the children with autism. No significant statistical difference in the delta values was observed between the two groups (p >.050). Both Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ are equally effective in reducing stress levels in children with autism measured by salivary cortisol levels."

"Latar Belakang: Aktifitas fisik seperti berlari dapat mempengaruhi sekresi dan komposisi saliva, termasuk protein saliva di dalam rongga mulut, salah satunya protein SMBP. Protein saliva diketahui dapat memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh protein Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis. Metode: Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari didasarkan riwayat lari dan pengukuran VO2max. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein diidentifikasi menggunakan SDS-PAGE. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji biofilm pertumbuhan bakteri P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 menggunakan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil: Protein SMBP memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis pada inkubasi 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Kesimpulan: Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari memfasilitasi perumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis.

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Background: Physical activity such as running can affect salivary secretion and composition, including salivary proteins in the oral cavity, such as salivary protein SMBP. Salivary proteins are known to inhibit or facilitate the growth of bacterial biofilms. Salivary protein can facilitate or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Objective: To determine the effect of Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein towards the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

Methods: This experimental study used purposive sampling and VO2max test to determine runners and non runners. Protein profile samples were identified using SDS PAGE. S. mutans salivary protein was obtained from binding of salivary protein and S. mutans. Biofilm assay P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 growth towards Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein salivary protein was conducted using the dye crystal violet assay. The data was statistically analyzed using correlation test.

Results: Salivary protein of Streptococcus facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on incubation time 3 and 24 hours.

Conclusion: Salivary protein of Streptococcus mutans collected from runners and non runners facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. "

"Latar Belakang: Saliva merupakan cairan biologis yang kompleks pada rongga mulut yang mengandung berbagai komponen, salah satunya protein. Protein pada saliva merupakan salah satu sistem pertahanan yang dapat berperan melindungi rongga mulut dari penyakit.Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan profil protein dan konsentrasi total protein saliva perokok dan non-perokok serta kaitannya dengan karies.Metode: Penelitian melibatkan kelompok  perokok n=25 dan kontrol (non perokok) n=25. Kosentrasi total protein saliva diuji dengan metode Bradford serta profil protein saliva diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode SDS PAGE. Karies diukur dengan score indeks DMF-T melalui pemeriksan klinis.Hasil: Terdapat protein saliva dominan yang ditemukan pada subjek perokok dengan berat molekul 11.6 kDa dan 54.5 kDa dan subjek non-perokok dengan berat molekul 27 kDa, 60 kDa, 94.5 kDa. Konsentrasi total protein saliva subjek perokok sebesar 551.486 µg/mL  lebih rendah dibandingkan non perokok yaitu sebesar 765.361µg/mL dengan perbedaan statistik tidak signifikan.Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan profil protein saliva perokok dan non perokok, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi total protein saliva antara kelompok perokok dan non perokok. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah antara profil dan total protein dengan skor indeks DMF-T.

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Background: Saliva is a complex biological fluid in the oral cavity that contains various components, one of them is protein. Protein in saliva is one of the defense systems that can protect the oral cavity from disease.Objective: To analyze the difference of salivary protein`s profile and total concentration in smokers and non-smokers (control) and their correlation with dental caries that measured by DMF-T index scores.Methods: Study consisted of two group, smokers group (n=25) and  non-smokers as healthy control (n=25). Salivary protein total determined with Bradford method and the salivary protein profile determined with SDS-PAGE method. Caries was assessed by the DMF-T index scores through clinical examination.Result: The dominant salivary proteins  profile were found in smokers subject with molecular mass 11.6 kDa and 54.5 kDa and those found in non-smokers subject with molecular mass 27 kDa, 60 kDa, and 94.5 kDa. The total salivary protein conctrentation of smokers subject are 551.486 µg/mL lower than non-smokers subject, which is 765.361µg/mL) but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclussion: There are differences found in salivary protein profile between smokers and non-smokers subject. However, there is no significant difference in salivary protein total between smokers and non smokers. There are negative correlation between the salivary protein`s total and the scores of DMF-T index."

"We describe a case report of giant sialolith of Wharton's duct in a 46 years old man. This is an unusual presentation of a salivary calculus and to our knowledge such a huge salivary stone. The clinical symptoms and signs were somewhat typical and included acute supurative cellulites in the floor. This kind of stone is very interesting because of its large size in this case of a surgical intervention by extra-oral extirpation of the presented sialolith."

"Latar belakang: Kanker nasofaring menempati urutan ke lima kanker yang paling sering diderita di Indonesia hingga tahun 2020. Terapi pilihan yang menjadi pilihan tata laksana kanker nasofaring adalah terapi radiasi dengan teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) karena dapat mengurangi kejadian xerostomia. Namun sekalipun dengan teknik IMRT cedera pada kelenjar saliva pasca terapi radiasi masih sering terjadi. Penilaian cedera kelenjar saliva pasca radiasi menggunakan klasifikasi Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) di mana penilaian derajat keparahan berdasarkan gejala klinis pasien sehingga MRI yang mempunyai kelebihan dalam menilai jaringan lunak dapat membantu penilaian derajat xerostomia secara objektif dengan melihat perubahan volume dan perubahan intensitas kelenjar parotis.Metode: Dilakukan pengumpulan data dosis radiasi dan derajat xerostomia dari 30 pasien kanker nasofaring yang menjalani terapi radiasi serta dilakukan pengukuran perubahan volume serta rasio intensitas kelenjar parotis terhadap otot temporalis dari data MRI nasofaring pasien sebelum dilakukannya radiasi, 3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan 12 bulan sesudah radiasi.Hasil: Xerostomia derajat 1 memiliki perubahan rasio intensitas sebesar 0.9 pada  3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan sebesar 2.0 pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi serta perubahan volume sebesar 4.0 ml pada 3 bulan dan 7.9 ml pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi. Sedangkan xerostomia derajat 2 memiliki perubahan rasio intensitas sebesar 1.0 pada 3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan 2.0 pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi serta perubahan volume sebesar 7.3 ml pada 3 bulan dan 9.5 ml pada 12 bulan. Hubungan korelasi dosis radiasi dengan  perubahan intensitas 12 bulan memiliki nilai P 0.002 dan nilai R 0.54, sedangkan hubungan dosis radiasi dengan perubahan volume 3 bulan memiliki nilai P sebesar 0.000 serta nilai R 0.9 dan dengan perubahan volume 12 bulan memiliki nilai P sebesar 0.000 dan nilai R 0.9.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan intensitas kelenjar parotis lebih besar pada bulan ke 12 dibandingkan dengan bulan ke 3 setelah radiasi serta pada xerostomia derajat 2. Semakin besar dosis radiasi maka semakin besar pula perubahan volume kelenjar parotis.

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Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer in Indonesia until 2020. The treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer is Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) because it can reduce the incidence of xerostomia. However, even with the IMRT technique, injuries to the salivary glands after radiation therapy still occur frequently. Assessment of post-radiation saliva gland injury using classification Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) where the assessment of the degree of severity is based on the patient's clinical symptoms so that MRI which has advantages in assessing soft tissue can help assess the degree of xerostomia objectively by looking at volume changes and parotid gland intensity changes. .

Method: Data were collected on radiation dose and degree of xerostomia from 30 nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and measurements of changes in volume and intensity ratio of the parotid gland to the temporalis muscle were taken from nasopharyngeal MRI data before radiation, 3 months after radiation and 12 months after radiation.

Results: Grade 1 xerostomia had an intensity change of 0.9 at 3 months and 2.0 at 12 months and a volume change of 4.0 ml at 3 months and 7.9 ml at 12 months while grade 2 xerostomia had an intensity change of 1.0 at 3 months and 2.0 at 12 months and a change volume of 7.3 ml at 3 months and 9.5 ml at 12 months. The correlation between radiation dose and intensity change for 12 months has a P value of 0.002 and an R value of 0.54, while the relationship between radiation dose and volume change for 3 months has a P value of 0.000, an R value of 0.9 and a 12 month volume change with a P value of 0.000 and an R value of 0.9l.

Conclusion: This study showed that the change in the intensity of the parotid gland was greater at 12 months than at 3 months after radiation and at grade 2 xersotomia. The greater the radiation dose, the greater the parotid gland volume change."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 312-315The association between diabetic sialosis and salivary gland function has not been clearly stated. The objective of this study is to assess the association between sialosis and salivary flow rates and xerostomia in type 2 diabetic patients. Eighty one subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study, consisted of 50 type 2 diabetic outpatients of RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo (mean of age: 60,96±8,38) and 31 control subjects (mean of age: 57,03±10). Clinical examination was performed to assess sialosis. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured using spitting method. Saliva secretion was stimulated using 2 % citric acid. Xerostomia was assessed using xerostomia questionnaire. The result showed that sialosis was found only in diabetic group, with a percentage of 28% (14 out of 50). This finding was not found in the well-controlled diabetic group. The mean of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates of the patients with diabetic sialosis were lower than that of the diabetic patients without sialosis. Statistic analysis showed significant association between sialosis and unstimulated salivary flow rate (p=0,001) and between sialosis and xerostomia (p=0,005), but there was no significant association between sialosis and stimulated salivary flow rate (p=0.105). It is concluded that there are significant associations between sialosis and the decrease of unstimulated salivary flow rate, and between sialosis and xerostomia. Therefore patients with diabetic sialosis should be examined periodically to find out the possibility of salivary gland function disorder. "

"Although various proteins and some electrolytes have been measured in human saliva, Iittle systematic data about the changes of Zn, Cu and Fe in salivary glands have been obtained. In order to obtain such data concentration of Zn, Cu and Fe in sub-mandible, sub-lingual and parotids grand were measured by X-Ray Fluorecent. The data obtained confirmed after the Wistar rats had received restraint stress within 15-60 minutes experiment. The results shows that after 30 minutes concentration Zn, Cu and Fe in sub-mandible gland were increase while concentration Zn and Fe in sub-lingual gland significantly increase (p<0,001) and minutes concentration Zn, Cu and Fe in parotids gland were significantly increase within 60 minutes restrain stress (p<0,001). This result suggested that the changes on concentration Zn, Cu and Fe In salivary glands have linked to oral saliva ecosystem under physiological stimuli, and than the Zn, Cu and Fe are accumulates in the salivary glands during saliva enzyme activities."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH saliva buatan terhadap surface gloss resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill. Uji surface gloss menggunakan glossmeter dengan sudut pengukuran 60 . Jumlah spesimen 63 buah terbagi dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perendaman dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 dengan waktu perendaman masing-masing 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam. Hasil analisis One-way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa dengan menurunnya pH saliva buatan dapat menurunkan nilai gloss pada permukaan resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill.

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This study aims to determine the effect of artificial salivary pH to surface gloss of Giomer Bulk Fill composite resin restorative materials. The surface gloss were tested using glossmeter with measurement angle of 60 . The number of specimens are 63, divided into nine groups with immersion in artificial salivary pH of 4.5, 5.5, and 7 for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours at 37 C. Statistical analysis using One way ANOVA showed significant difference in each treatment group. This result suggested that the pH value reduction of artificial saliva can reduce the gloss value on the surface of giomer bulk fill composite resin."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian:Berbagai keluhan yang muncul pada masa menopause sebagian disebabkan karena penurunan kadar estrogen. Salah satu keluhan yang muncul adalah xerostomia. Xerostomia dapat terjadi akibat laju aliran & produksi liur yang tidak adekuat. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena kelenjar liur tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ovariektomi (ovx) bilateral (yang diasumsikan sebagai penurunan kadar estrogen) terhadap gambaran histologis kelenjar parotis dan kapan terjadinya perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus Wistar betina berumur ± 3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-250 g, yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok I (ovx 50 hari), kelompok II (kontrol 50 hari), kelompok III (ovx 100 hari), kelompok IV (kontrol 100 hari). Kelompok I & II dibedah pada hari ke 50, sedangkan kelompok III & IV dibedah pads hari ke 100. Organ yang diperoleh dibuat sajian histologis dengan pewarnaan HE.Hasil dan Kesimpulan:Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara jumlah asinus perlapangan pandang, diameter asinus, dan tinggi epitel asinus kelenjar parotis tikus 50 hari dan 100 hari ovariektomi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perbedaan bennakna hanya tampak pada diameter dan tinggi epitel asinus tikes 50 hari ovariektomi dibandingkan dengan tikus ovariektomi 100 hari. Hasil ini kemungkinan disebabkan karena estrogen yang berkurang akibat ovariektomi digantikan oleh estrogen hasil kenaikan berat badan tikus, dan kemungkinan kompensasi estrogen ekstra ovarium 50 hari pascaovariektomi terjadi secara berlebihan. Penelitian ini akan lebih akurat jika diperoleh data kadar estrogen darah.

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Effect of Bilateral Ovariectomy on the Histology of Parotid Gland in Wistar RatsMenopause may comes with complaints, most of which are caused by decreased estrogen concentration. Xerostomia is one of the complaints, as the result of inadequate production and flow rates of saliva due to salivary gland dysfunction. Ovariectomy that will decrease in estrogen levels could lead to xerostomia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilateral ovariectomy, on histological structure of the parotid gland.

Twenty-four female Wistar rats, aged ± 3 months, weighing 150-250 g, were divided into 4 groups, each group content of 6 rats. Group I, which are sacrificed 50 days after ovariectomy, and Group IT., as unovariectomized control group, was sacrificed on day 50. Group III, which are sacrificed 100 days after ovariectomy, and Group ITT as unovariectomized control group, was sacrificed on day 100. The histological specimens of the organs obtained were stained with HE.

This study found no significant differences in the number of acini per visual field, diameter of acini, and height of acini epithelium at 50 days and 100 days after ovariectomy compare with control. The only differences are in the diameter of acini and height of acini epithelium at 50 days after ovariectomy comparing with 100 days after ovariectomy. These results might be caused by the effect of estrogen produced by nonovarial tissues, as increase body weight was found, and over compensation of estrogen at 50 days after ovariectomy. This study would be more accurate if the blood estrogen concentration was also measured."