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"Dahulu pengangkatan anak dilakukan oleh pasangan suami-istri yang tidak memiliki keturunan, namun seiring perkembangan jaman mengangkat anak juga dilakukan oleh seseorang yang belum menikah. Berbagai alasan yang melatarbelakangi pengangkatan anak, baik karena ingin mendapatkan anak maupun niat menolong anak terlantar. Apapun yang menjadi alasan pengangkatan anak semua dilakukan demi kepentingan kesejahteraan anak, akan tetapi peraturan yang secara khusus mengatur pengangkatan anak belum ada, sehingga mengakibatkan penyimpangan dalam banyak hal, perbedaan agama maupun prosedur legalitasnya. Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas, penulis merumuskan pokok permasalahan mengenai, bagaimana pengaturan hukum mengenai pengangkatan anak khususnya yang dilakukan oleh orang tua tunggal, serta bagaimana pula tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Perundangan Indonesia terhadap pengangkatan anak tersebut. Dalam menjawab pokok permasalahan, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian, yang terdiri dari bentuk penelitian deskriptif analitis, jenis penelitian hukum normatif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, bahan hukum data primer dan data sekunder, serta teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Melalui metode penelitian tersebut, maka penulis menyimpulkan, bahwa berdasarkan perundangan Indonesia mengenai pengangkatan anak, di Indonesia diperbolehkan mengangkat anak oleh orang tua tunggal yang telah memenuhi persyaratan, sedangkan menurut Hukum Islam pengangkatan anak hanya diperbolehkan dalam arti memelihara atau mengasuh anak.

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In the past adoptions done by married couples who had no heirs. As development of time the adoption is also done by someone who is unmarried. Various reasons underlying the adoption, either because they want to get the child or the intention of helping the neglected child. Whatever the reasons for adoption is all done in the interests of the child, but the regulation that specifically regulates adoption have not been there, resulting in deviations in many ways, religious difference and the legality procedures of the adoption. Based on the above explanation, the author formulates the subject matter of, how about the legal arrangement regarding child adoption, especially by single parent, as well as how about the review of Islamic Law and Indonesia Legislation against the child adoption. In answer to the subject matter, the author uses the method of research, which consists of a descriptive analytical form research, kind of normative legal research, data collection technique to the study of literature and interview, legal materials on primary and secondary data, also descriptive qualitative data analysis technique. Through these research methods, the author concludes, that based on Indonesia legislation regarding adoption, in Indonesia allowed to adopt child by single parent who have met the requirements, while according to Islamic law allowed adoption only in the sense of maintaining or caring for child."

"Prevalensi status gizi kurang pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Status gizi anak usia sekolah salah satunya ditentukan oleh asupan nutrien, di mana konsumsi jajanan di sekolah memberikan asupan nutrien dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan dapat berimplikasi pada perilaku jajan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran status gizi berdasarkan indikator BB/U, TB/U, dan IMT/U, tingkat pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan serta hubungan keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data primer yang diambil dari anak sekolah usia 6-14 tahun di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2009. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode total sampling. Data yang diambil berupa data umum, data antropometrik serta data pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah subyek penelitian adalah sebanyak 78 orang dengan rata-rata berusia 10,10 ± 1,43 tahun. Dari pengukuran antropometrik didapatkan rerata berat badan 26,18 ± 5,55 kg dan rerata tinggi badan 130,67 ± 8,32 cm. Persentasi subyek dengan status gizi kurang berdasarkan BB/U sebanyak 51,3%, berdasarkan TB/U sebanyak 32,1% dan berdasarkan IMT/U sebanyak 38,5%. Nilai tengah skor pengetahuan subyek mengenai kebiasaan jajan adalah 6 (1-10), di mana sebanyak 41% subyek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang. Dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U, didapatkan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,026 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2009.

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Prevalence of poor nutritional status among school-age children in Indonesia remains high. Nutrient intake is one of factors that determine school-age children nutritional status, and the consumption of snacks at school-environment provides large amount of nutrient intake. Their knowledge about snack habits implicate on their daily snack behavior. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of nutritional status based on indicators WAP, HAP, and BMI, the knowledge of school-age children about snack consumption and their association. This study was conducted with a cross sectional design using data taken from primary school children aged 6-14 years in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, on October 18, 2009. Samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data was taken in the form of common data, anthropometric data and knowledge level about snack consumption using a questionnaire.

Total subjects were 78 people with an average age of 10.10 ± 1.43 years. Anthropometric measurements obtained resulted mean weight 26.18 ± 5.55 kg and mean height 130.67 ± 8.32 cm. Percentage of subjects with poor nutritional status based on WAP as much as 51.3%, based on the HAP as much as 32.1% and based on the BMI as much as 38.5%. The mean score of knowledge about snack consumption habits is 6 (1-10), where as many as 41% of subjects had poor knowledge level. The Chi Square test were used to measure the association between the knowledge about the snack consumtpion and nutritional status. Probability value of 0.026 (p <0.05) was obtained based on BMI and knowledge-level. There is an association between the knowledge snack consumption and nutritional status based on BMI / U on school-age children in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan in 2009."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Anak dengan gizi buruk tak hanya rentan terhadap infeksi, keparahan infeksi dan angka kematian akibat infeksi juga meningkat. Sefotaksim merupakan antibiotik empiris yang paling sering digunakan pada anak di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM tanpa melihat status gizi. Hingga saat ini data mengenai rsepon terhadap sefotaksim pada anak gizi buruk di RSCM serta fokus infeksi dan etiologinya masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui respon pemberian antibiotik sefotaksim sebagai terapi empiris pada anak gizi buruk yang dirawat inap berikut karakteristik, fokus infeksi, profil kuman dan sensitifitasnya terhadap sefotaksim. Metode: Penelitian prospektif observasional pada anak gizi buruk usia 10 ?g/L dan juga semua subyek dengan HIV positif yang mengalami sepsis tidak berespon dengan terapi sefotaksim. Simpulan: Enam puluh lima persen infeksi pada anak gizi buruk tidak memberikan respon terhadap terapi empiris sefotaksim. Antibiotik sefotaksim sebaiknya tidak digunakan sebagai terapi empiris pada anak gizi buruk dengan sepsis berat atau HIV positif yang mengalami sepsis.

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ABSTRACT Background Children with severe malnutrition is vulnerable to infection, increase in its severity and death rate. Cefotaxime has been widely used as empirical antibiotic for children in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, regardless their nutritional status. However there is little data about etiology of infection in our population and the response to empirical antibiotic cefotaxime. Aim To evaluate the response to empirical antibiotic cefotaxime in children with severe malnutrition, its characteristic, diagnosis of infection, and antibiotic susceptibility profile. Method Children 18 year old hospitalized from October to December 2016 with severe malnutrition and received cefotaxime as empirical antibiotic were included and followed for 5 days. A clinical examination, complete blood count, urinalysis, procalcitonin PCT , c reactive peptide CRP , blood and urine culture were performed systematically on admission. Stool and sputum culture were also done as indicated. Repeated PCT and CRP were done between day 3 to 5. Result Among 40 children included in the study, 50 has more than one infection. The most frequent infection is urinary tract infection 50 , followed by pneumonia 47,5 and acute diarrhea 32,5 . Blood culture was positive only in 4 subjects, 4 5 isolates were gram positive bacteria. Escherecia coli was the most common pathogen in urine 30 . Only 9,5 of all isolated bacteria were sensitive to cefotaxime. Overall, only 35 responded to antibiotic cefotaxime. All patient with PCT 10 g L on admission, and those with HIV positive and sepsis did not respond. Conclusion Sixty five children with severe malnutrition and infection did not respond to empirical antibiotic cefotaxime. Clinician must reconsider giving cefotaxime as empirical antibiotic in severely malnourished children, especially those with severe sepsis and HIV with sepsis. "