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"Ceramic nanocomposites have been found to have improved hardness, strength, toughness and creep resistance compared to conventional ceramic matrix composites. Ceramic nanocomposites reviews the structure and properties of these nanocomposites as well as manufacturing and applications. Part one looks at the properties of different ceramic nanocomposites, including thermal shock resistance, flame retardancy, magnetic and optical properties as well as failure mechanisms. Part two deals with the different types of ceramic nanocomposites, including the use of ceramic particles in metal matrix composites, carbon nanotube-reinforced glass-ceramic matrix composites, high temperature superconducting ceramic nanocomposites and ceramic particle nanofluids. Part three details the processing of nanocomposites, including the mechanochemical synthesis of metallic–ceramic composite powders, sintering of ultrafine and nanosized ceramic and metallic particles and the surface treatment of carbon nanotubes using plasma technology. Part four explores the applications of ceramic nanocomposites in such areas as energy production and the biomedical field."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa filtrasi biodiesel B30 menggunakan ceramic membrane filter dengan metode crossflow filtration berdasarkan variasi transmembrane pressure dan ukuran diameter pori filter. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan ceramic membrane filter dengan ukuran pori yang telah ditentukan antara lain 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, dan 1.2 µm serta nilai TMP yang digunakan sebanyak 3 variasi yaitu 0.5, 1, dan1.5 bar. Sampel biodiesel B30 yang diambil dari tangki penyimpanan kapal laut, dialirkan secara kontinyu melalui membran dengan tekanan yang diatur. Kemudian, parameter filtrasi seperti fluks permeat dan penurunannya, serta kekeruhan atau turbiditas biodiesel diukur dan dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai TMP dan ukuran diameter pori filter memiliki pengaruh terhadap performa filtrasi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai TMP dan semakin besar ukuran pori maka fluks permeat yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar. Akan tetapi pada semakin meningkatnya nilai TMP maka penurunan fluks permeat juga semakin tinggi. Penyebab utama penurunan fluks permeat yang tinggi pada TMP tinggi dapat disebabkan salah satunya oleh pembentukan endapan pada membran atau membrane fouling. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan fluks permeat yang dihasilkan jadi berkurang jumlahnya sehingga menurunkan keefektifan performa filtrasi. Untuk evaluasi pengaruh diameter pori terhadap performa filtrasi dilakukan uji turbiditas. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa pada ukuran pori 0.4 µm menunjukkan hasil peningkatan kejernihan yang paling baik. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memahami laju pembentukan endapan pada membran. Endapan yang terbentuk pada membran sangat berpengaruh pada proses filtrasi karena mempengaruhi hasil dari fluks permeat. Hal ini perlu dilakukan karena akan memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam terkait agar pemilihan variable performa filtrasi seperti material, TMP dan ukuran pori dapat ditentukan untuk proses filtrasi biodiesel yang paling efektif.

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This research aims to evaluate the performance of B30 biodiesel filtration using a ceramic membrane filter with crossflow filtration method based on variations in transmembrane pressure and filter pore diameter size. In this study, ceramic membrane filters with predetermined pore sizes of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 1.2 µm were used, along with three variations of TMP (transmembrane pressure), namely 0.5, 1, and 1.5 bar. B30 biodiesel samples taken from the storage tank of a ship were continuously passed through the membrane under controlled pressure. Then, filtration parameters such as permeate flux and its decline, as well as the turbidity of biodiesel, were measured and evaluated. The research results showed that both TMP value and filter pore diameter size have an influence on filtration performance. The study indicated that higher TMP values and larger pore sizes result in higher permeate flux. However, as the TMP value increases, the decline in permeate flux also becomes higher. The main cause of significant decline in permeate flux at high TMP values can be attributed to the formation of deposits on the membrane, known as membrane fouling. This can reduce the amount of permeate flux produced, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of filtration performance. To evaluate the effect of pore diameter on filtration performance, turbidity tests were conducted. The test results showed that the 0.4 µm pore size exhibited the best clarity improvement. Further research is needed to understand the rate of deposit formation on the membrane. The deposits formed on the membrane significantly affect the filtration process as they influence the outcome of permeate flux. This is necessary to gain a deeper understanding in order to determine the most effective variables for biodiesel filtration, such as material selection, TMP, and pore size."

"Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have proven to be useful for a wide range of applications because of properties such as their light weight, toughness and temperature resistance. Advances in ceramic matrix composites summarises key advances and types of processing of CMCs.After an introductory chapter, the first part of the book reviews types and processing of CMCs, covering processing, properties and applications. Chapters discuss nanoceramic matric composites, silicon carbide-containing alumina nanocomposites and advances in manufacture by various infiltration techniques including heat treatments and spark plasma sintering. The second part of the book is dedicated to understanding the properties of CMCs with chapters on finite element analysis, tribology and wear and self-healing CMCs. The final part of the book examines the applications of CMCs, including those in the structural engineering, nuclear and fusion energy, turbine, metal cutting and microelectronics industries."

"This book is ideal for practitioners and managers with low experience in the field. It introduces the theme of extrusion in ceramics and provides checklists, questionnaires, as well as the related literature and websites covering the topic. This Brief is written in a simple language and covers topics such as honeycombs, ceramic filters, auger geometry, wear and tear."

"Ultrapure water merupakan air yang digunakan pada unit khusus di rumah sakit, seperti unit laboratorium dan unit hemodialisis, dengan standar kualitas yang diterapkan lebih ketat dibandingkan air minum. Dalam kaitannya dengan pengolahan ultrapure water, membran filtrasi merupakan metode yang paling banyak digunakan menghilangkan partikulat sampai ukuran nano dan lebih efektif apabila dibandingkan dengan teknologi konvensional. Teknologi pre-treatment tepat guna harus dilakukan untuk menjaga efektivitas Instalasi Ultrapure Water untuk operasi yang berkelanjutan. Optimalisasi proses dapat dilakukan dengan kombinasi hybrid menggunakan Activated Carbon (AC) komersial berbahan dasar tempurung kelapa/batubara dan membran ultrafiltrasi keramik yang memiliki keunggulan tahan terhadap fouling. Proses hybrid ini menggunakan karbon aktif bubuk tempurung kelapa dan di pre-coat permukaan membran keramik flat sheet skala lab luas permukaan 13,1 cm2, ukuran pori 10 – 20 nm dengan sistem batch selama 1 jam. Pada penelitian ini mengamati proses adsorpsi single, filtrasi membran keramik dan hybrid PAC/Membran Keramik UF dengan pre-coat dengan menggunakan kedua matriks air yaitu air tanah dan air PAM. Kombinasi PAC/Ceramic UF pada air tanah efektif menyisihkan kekeruhan, logam besi, TDS, senyawa organik, dan sisa klor dengan efisiensi penyisihan secara berturut-turut sebesar 53,8%; 78,57%; 2,56%; 47,5%; dan 8,33%. Sementara itu, kombinasi PAC/Ceramic UF pada air PAM efektif menyisihkan kekeruhan, logam besi, TDS, senyawa organik, dan sisa klor dengan efisiensi penyisihan secara berturut-turut sebesar 51,2%; 71,43%; 6,29%; 81,87%; 75%.

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Ultrapure water is used in specialized units in hospitals, such as laboratory units and hemodialysis units, with quality standards that are stricter than those for drinking water.In the processing of ultra-pure water, membrane filtration is the most widely used method of removing particles to nanosize and is more effective when compared to conventional technology. Proper pre-treatment technology must be used to maintain the efficiency of the ultrapure water installation for sustainable operation. The process can be optimized with a combination of a commercial activated carbon (AC) base of coconut or coal and a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane that has the advantage of fouling resistance. The hybrid process uses coconut-coated activated carbon powder on a pre-coated surface of a ceramic membrane flat sheet of laboratory surface scale of 13.1 cm², 10–20 nm porous size, with a batch system for 1 hour. This study investigated single adsorption with powder activated carbon (PAC), single filtration ceramic membrane UF and and hybrid PAC/Ceramic Membrane UF with precoat using both groundwater and PAM water matrices. The combination between PAC and Ceramic UF in groundwater effectively removes hardness, metal, TDS, organic compounds, and chlorine residues with a sequential cleaning efficiency of 53,8%; 78,5%; 2,56%; 47,5%; and 8.33%. Meanwhile, the combination PAC/Ceramic UF with PAM Water effectively removes hardness, metal, TDS, organic compounds, and chlorine residues with a sequential cleaning efficiency of 51,2%; 71,43%; 6,29%; 81,87%; 75%."