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"A model to contour hydrographic data was designed to determine the depth of water. Because uf sparse and random nature of the given data, we superimposed an optimally sized grid system on the region and assigned the known data at their corresponding grid points. Thon We used the principle of minimum curvature tn derive finite difference? equations that calculated the remaining grid points. We iterated these equations until a convergence criterion of 0.01 over the whole grid was reached; this gave us a grid of values to contour. To insure corvergent.e of the grid before round-off error swamped the routine, we put the grid through an initializenq routine. The Geographical Information System is used to develop a powerful set of tools for concerting and displaying hydrographic data from the real world."

"This book constitutes the proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2012, held in Naples, Italy, in April 2012. The 13 full and 4 short papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named, 3D and multimodal spatial interaction, positioning, spatial human-computer interaction, trajectory analysis, geo semantics, and sensor networks."

"GIS are needed to assist national development because it can manipulate and analyze geographical-referenced data to support the decision making process of an organization. A problem faced in developing countries is that decision making is not always based on integrated information. "

"PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa memiliki 3 Unit Layanan Transmisi dan Gardu Induk (ULTG) yang terdiri dari ULTG Serang, ULTG Cikupa, dan ULTG Balaraja disuplai dari 21 Gardu Induk yang terdiri dari 69 trafo dengan kapasitas 5.943,4 MVA.[3] PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa memiliki Gardu Induk (GI) yang menyuplai Konsumen Tegangan Tinggi (KTT). GIS Suvarna Sutera 150/22 kV mulai bertegangan pada tahun 2019 terdiri dari 2 trafo dengan kapasitas total 2x60 MVA (120 MVA). Total beban pada GIS Suvarna Sutera 390 A (23%) untuk Trafo I dan 142 A (8%) untuk Trafo II.[3] Oleh Karena itu keandalan pasokan listrik di wilayah tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian terutama saat terjadi gangguan. Pada tanggal 02 Agustus 2024 terjadi gangguan di GIS Suvarna Sutera dan jalur SUTT 150 kV Suvarna – Sindang Jaya #1 dan 03 Agustus 2024 terjadi dan gangguan di GIS Suvarna Sutera dan jalur SUTT 150 kV Suvarna-Sindang Jaya #2. Untuk menindaklanjuti gangguan pada sistem tersebut diperlukan langkah-langkah verifikasi, analisis, dan evaluasi penanganan gangguan tersebut. Selanjutnya dianalisis terhadap Kode Etik Insinyur, Asas Profesionalisme, dan Keselamatan, Kesehatan Kerja, dan Lingkungan (K3L). Rangkaian pekerjaan yang sudah dilakukan di PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa sudah memenuhi standar penilaian yang menjadi acuan analisis di dalam laporan praktik keinsinyuran ini. Dari aspek K3L masih perlu menjadi perhatian dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaannya. Dalam kegiatan untuk proyek kedepannya, aspek yang menjadi koreksi pada laporan praktik keinsinyuran ini dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan.

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PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa has 3 Transmission Service Units and Main Substations (ULTG) consisting of ULTG Serang, ULTG Cikupa, and ULTG Balaraja that supplied from 22 Main Substations consisting of 69 transformers with a capacity of 5,943.4 MVA.[3] PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa has a Main Substation (GI) which supplies High Voltage Consumers (KTT). GIS Suvarna Sutera 150/22 kV started operating in 2019 consisting of 2 transformers with total capacity of 2x60 MVA (120 MVA). The total load on GIS Suvarna Sutera is 390 A (23%) for Transformer I and 142 A (8%) for Transformer II.[3] Therefore, the reliability of electricity supply in the area needs attention, especially when disturbances occur. On 02 August 2024 there was a disruption on the GIS Suvarna Sutera and SUTT 150 kV Suvarna – Sindang Jaya #1 line and on 03 August 2024 there was a disruption on the GIS Suvarna Sutera and the SUTT 150 kV Suvarna – Sindang Jaya line #2. To follow up on disturbances in the system, verification, analysis and evaluation steps are needed to handle the disturbance. Next, the Engineer's Code of Ethics, Principles of Professionalism, and Safety, Occupational Health and Environment (K3L) were analyzed. The series of work that has been carried out at PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cikupa has met the assessment standards which are the reference for analysis in this engineering practice report. From the K3L aspect, attention still needs to be paid to the implementation of work. In activities for future projects, aspects that are corrected in this engineering practice report can be taken into consideration. "