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"This article examines the dynamics of Javanese labour immigration to British North Borneo (present-day Sabah) during the colonial period, under the tutelage of the british North Borneo Charterred Company. It seeks to expound the types of labour recruitment schemes available for Javanese emigrants, the variation in the labour contracts, the immigration and repatriation procedures and the issues inherent within the system. By utilising mostly raw primary documents derived from various archives, the article argues that the Javanese labourers were considered to be the backbone of British North Borneo labour force and a major contributing factor in the success of many capitalistic endeavours in the state. Javanese labour immigration took centre stage during the period of study with workers labouring under written civil contracts with penal sanction."

"On 14 July 2013, India closed down its telegraph service, drawing the curtain over an important chapter in its history of telecommunications. Introduced during the British colonial period, the telegraph was opened for public use on 1 February 1855. The beginning of the service, much like its end, was marked by strikingly similar scenes of people rushing to the telegraph office in order to send messages. The similarity with the contemporary scenario does not end here. Like the internet today, the electric telegraph came to play an important role in the conduct of journalism in nineteenth-century India. This book is an attempt to reconstruct this interconnected history of telegraphy and journalism and the first systematic account of the development of English-language news reporting in nineteenth-century India. Drawing on a wide range of historical material and an in-depth analysis of the newspaper press, it questions grand narratives of media revolutions, arguing instead that the use of telegraphy in journalism was gradual and piecemeal. News itself emerged as the site of many contestations, as imperial politics, capitalist enterprise, and individual agency shaped not only access to technologies of communication, but also the content and form of reporting."