Ketahanan sektor kesehatan selama pandemi COVID-19 menegaskan pentingnya kemandirian industri farmasi dalam mendukung sistem kesehatan nasional. Di tengah pertumbuhan signifikan jumlah perusahaan dan kontribusi besar terhadap produk domestik bruto, industri farmasi Indonesia menghadapi tantangan serius terkait dampak lingkungan akibat limbah produksi dan konsumsi obat. Kompleksitas bahan baku, rantai pasok yang panjang, serta masih dominannya model ekonomi linear memperburuk risiko pencemaran lingkungan. Sebagai solusi, pendekatan ekonomi sirkular dipandang relevan untuk diterapkan, namun implementasinya menghadapi beragam faktor pendorong dan penghambat yang belum terstruktur secara prioritas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan hierarki prioritas dari 18 faktor pendorong dan 19 faktor penghambat implementasi ekonomi sirkular di industri farmasi Indonesia menggunakan metode DEMATEL-ISM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendorong kunci berada pada aspek proses digitalisasi dalam produksi, preferensi konsumen terhadap produk yang ramah lingkungan, dan dukungan dari organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO). Sementara itu, tingginya biaya implementasi teknologi menjadi faktor penghambat paling dominan. Temuan ini memberikan panduan strategis bagi pemangku kepentingan industri farmasi dalam merancang intervensi yang tepat untuk mempercepat transisi menuju ekonomi sirkular yang berkelanjutan.

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The pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia has demonstrated significant resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, strengthening its strategic role in supporting national health security. Despite continued growth in the number of companies and its substantial contribution to the non-oil and gas manufacturing GDP, this expansion has also triggered environmental challenges related to pharmaceutical waste. Most pharmaceutical companies in Indonesia still operate under a linear economic model, which involves extracting raw materials, manufacturing products, and disposing of waste. This linear approach contributes to increasing environmental burdens due to the complexity of production processes and waste management at the manufacturing and consumer levels. To address these challenges, implementing a circular economy offers a promising alternative to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. This study aims to identify and analyze the key drivers and barriers to adopting circular economy practices in the pharmaceutical industry using the DEMATEL and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methods. Among the 18 identified drivers, the top priorities include digitalizing production processes, consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products, and support from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Meanwhile, of the 19 identified barriers, the high cost of implementing technology emerged as the main obstacle. These findings provide a foundation for policy recommendations and practical strategies to support the transition toward a more sustainable pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia.