The United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to ensure that by 2030, the world addresses the numerous issues confronting humanity to promote well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. Muslim countries, under the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), also actively participate in implementing the 2030 Agenda. This study aims to examine how efficient Muslim countries have been in achieving the SDGs between 2010 and 2017. The information indicates which countries have the highest and lowest SDG achievement rates, using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to determine the relative efficiency level. According to the findings, four countries – Kuwait, Qatar, Malaysia, and Türkiye – achieved the maximum efficiency level across the period assessed. The country with the lowest efficiency is Comoros. The analysis also found regional variations of efficiency in SDG achievement, with the region with the highest efficacy value is Central Asia, while East Africa has the lowest.