Permasalahan ketimpangan ekonomi telah menyebabkan krisis yang sangat mendalam bagi rakyat Indonesia. Berdasarkan survei yang dilakukan oleh Credit Suisse, diketahui bahwa 1 persen orang terkaya di Indonesia menguasai 49.3 persen kekayaan nasional. Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan ketimpangan tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia dapat menerapkan kebijakan berbasis Universal Basic Income (UBI) untuk kalangan masyarakat miskin. Dengan diterapkannya kebijakan berbasis UBI untuk kalangan masyarakat miskin, maka diharapkan akan terjadi peningkatan produktivitas masyarakat secara keseluruhan sehingga akan menurunkan angka ketimpangan ekonomi. Kendati demikian, pertama kita harus menjawab suatu permasalahan filosofis penting terkait apakah kebijakan berbasis UBI tersebut pada hakikatnya memanglah bersifat adil bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melakukan suatu penelitian filosofis dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif terhadap kemungkinan penerapan kebijakan berbasis Universal Basic Income (UBI) di Indonesia yang dilandaskan pada teori keadilan Rawls. Dari hasil analisis, ditemukan bahwa penerapan kebijakan berbasis Universal Basic Income (UBI) pada hakikatnya sudah bersifat adil karena mewujudkan kesetaraan kesempatan dan keadilan sosial lewat pemberian manfaat UBI.

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The problem of economic inequality has caused a very deep crisis for the Indonesian people. Based on a survey conducted by Credit Suisse, it is known that the richest 1 percent in Indonesia controls 49.3 percent of national wealth. As one of the efforts to overcome the problem of inequality, the Indonesian government can implement policies based on Universal Basic Income (UBI) for the poor. With the implementation of UBI-based policies for the poor, it is hoped that there will be an increase in the productivity of society as a whole so that it will reduce economic inequality. Nevertheless, first we have to answer an important philosophical issue related to whether the UBI-based policy is in essence fair for all Indonesian people. Therefore, this study aims to carry out a philosophical research using descriptive analysis methods on the possibility of implementing Universal Basic Income (UBI)-based policies in Indonesia which are based on Rawls's theory of justice. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the implementation of policies based on Universal Basic Income (UBI) was essentially fair because it created equality of opportunity and social justice by providing UBI benefits.