This volume contains the contributions to the 10th International Workshop on Railway Noise, held October 18–22, 2010, in Nagahama, Japan, organized by the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), Japan. With 11 sessions and 3 poster sessions, the workshop featured presentations by international leaders in the field of railway noise and vibration. All subjects relating to 1. prospects, legal regulation, and perception ; 2. wheel and rail noise ; 3. structure-borne noise and squeal noise ; 4. ground-borne vibration ; 5. aerodynamic noise and micro-pressure waves from tunnel portals ; 6. interior noise and sound barriers ; and 7. prediction, measurements, and monitoring are addressed here.